Effect of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and immune defects on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and recurrent skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, inflammation and chronic pruritus, with wide heterogeneity in terms of age of onset, clinical course and persistence over the lifespan. Although the pathogenesis of the disease are unclear, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune and microbial dysregulation, and environmental factors are known to be critical etiologies in AD pathology. The skin microbiota represents an ecosystem consisting of numerous microbial species that interact with each other as well as host epithelial cells and immune cells.

Antibacterial activity of L. (St. John's wort) extracts against Gram-positive bacteria and characterisation of its secondary metabolites.

This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite profiles and antibacterial activity of L extracts against Gram-positive clinical isolates. The plant materials (Sample A and Sample B) were macerated with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol (MeOH). The antibacterial activitiy of plant extracts and routinely used antibiotics were tested against Gram-positive bacteria.

Efficacy of antibiotic combinations in an experimental sepsis model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of fosfomycin, colistin, tobramycin and their dual combinations in an experimental sepsis model. After sepsis was established with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate (P1), antibiotic-administered rats were divided into six groups: Fosfomycin, tobramycin, colistin and their dual combinations were administered by the intravenous or intraperitoneal route to the groups. The brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney tissues of rats were cultured to investigate bacterial translocation caused by P1.

Efficacy of Ceragenins Alone and in Combinations with Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Gram Negative Pathogens from Bloodstream Infections.

Ceragenins (CSAs) that mimic the activities of antimicrobial peptides may be new options for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. This study investigated the antibacterial activities of eight different ceragenins against MDR pathogens and the synergistic effects of some ceragenins in combinations with antibiotics (meropenem-MEM, ceftazidime + avibactam-CZA, tigecycline-TIG). A disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility tests, a broth microdilution, and checkerboard methods were used to detect minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the effects of combinations, respectively.

Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens Isolated from Blood Cultures in a Four-Year Period.

Background: Multidrug-resistant organisms cause serious infections with significant morbidity and mortality in the worldwide. These organisms have been identified as urgent and serious threats by CDC. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and changes of antibiotic resistance of multidrug-resistant pathogens isolated from blood cultures over a four-year period in a tertiary-care hospital.

The role of efflux pumps ın antıbıotıc resıstance of gram negatıve rods.

Antibiotic resistance is an important public health problem today, causing increased morbidity and mortality. Resistance to antibiotics in bacteria can develop by various mechanisms such as a change in the target site of the drug, a change in the outer membrane permeability, enzymatic defusing of the drug and efflux of the antimicrobial compound. Some bacteria have the potential to develop resistance to more than one drug by using several mechanisms together.

Detection of colistin resistance via four methods in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative rods isolated from blood cultures.

Introduction: The broth microdilution (BMD) method recommended for the detection of colistin resistance is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and difficult to apply in routine laboratories. Thus, various methods, such as disk elution, commercial microdilution, and rapid polymyxin-NP tests have been developed for the detection of colistin resistance. In this study, a total of 102 multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from blood cultures were evaluated by four different methods for the detection of colistin resistance, and compared with the reference method.

Time kill-assays of antibiotic combinations for multidrug resistant clinical isolates of OXA-48 carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Treatment of infections caused by OXA-48 carbapenemase producing multidrug-resistant isolates often necessitates combination therapy. In vitro effect of different antibiotic combinations against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were evaluated in this study.Meropenem-tobramycin (MER+TOB), meropenem-ciprofloxacin (MER+CIP), colistin-meropenem (COL+MER), colistin-ciprofloxacin (COL+CIP) and colistin-tobramycin (COL+TOB) combinations were tested by time kill-assays.

The association of CMV infection with bacterial and fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a retrospective single-center study.

This study aims to evaluate the probable association between CMV infection and bacterial or fungalinfections in 91 consecutive adult patients who underwent autologous or allogeneic HSCT within aperiod of two years.The medical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Blood cultures were evaluatedby an automated blood culture system.

A Three-Year Analysis of Ocular Infections in a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Turkey.

Background: Ocular infections may result in severe vision and eye loss. Especially in keratitis and endophthalmitis, it is essential to identify the causative microorganism and treat it with appropriate antimicrobials. This study aims to investigate microorganisms isolated from various samples in ocular infections and their sensitivity to antibiotics.

Serotype distribution of in children with invasive disease in Turkey: 2015-2018.

: To determine the serotype distribution of pneumococcus causing invasive pneumococcal disease (meningitidis, bacteremia and empyema) in children in Turkey, and to observe potential changes in this distribution in time to guide effective vaccine strategies. : We surveyed with conventional bacteriological techniques and with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and pleural fluid. strains were isolated from 33 different hospitals in Turkey, which are giving health services to approximately 60% of the Turkish population.

The Impact of Early Postpartum Maternal Pertussis Vaccination on the Protection of Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Despite primary vaccination, infants under six months run a risk of infection with pertussis.

Objective: To determine the impact of early postpartum maternal pertussis vaccination on protecting infants from the disease.

Methods: All mothers (n=405) who gave birth to healthy term infants were educated on the cocoon strategy.

[Serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from the adult patients in a Turkish üniversity hospital].

Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. S.pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, especially in adults.

Endogenous endophthalmitis: A case report.

Brucellosis may be associated with a wide range of ophthalmic manifestations including endophthalmitis, which is a sight-threatening condition that needs to be rapidly recognized and treated to avoid permanent visual loss A 26-year-old female with a 6-month history of vision loss in the left eye was treated with high dose systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine with an initial misdiagnosis elsewhere. A dense vitreous haze with opacities at the posterior hyaloid and a wide area of retinochoroiditis led to the diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis at presentation to us. The vitreous sample and blood cultures demonstrated growth of She received 6 months of systemic antibiotherapy, which resulted in resolution of inflammation; however, visual acuity remained poor due to irreversible damage.

[Investigation of seropositivity of Bordetella pertussis in adults in a university hospital].

Whooping cough is a vaccine-preventable infectious diseases caused by Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis. Despite of routine immunization programs in the world, pertussis still remains endemic. Recently unvaccinated or partially immunized infants have infected with this pathogen and also increase of incidence was observed in adolescents and adults.

Pertussis in children in the İstanbul Faculty of Medicine: results for four years.

We investigated the frequency of pertussis among children in the İstanbul Faculty of Medicine Hospital during a period of four years. Clinical specimens were obtained from children who exhibited symptoms of whooping cough; a portion of the cases were confirmed microbiologically by PCR as pertussis. A total of 410 nasopharyngeal aspirates were taken for detection of Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis.

Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with invasive diseases in Turkey: 2008-2014.

Successful vaccination policies for protection from invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) dependent on determination of the exact serotype distribution in each country. We aimed to identify serotypes of pneumococcal strains causing IPD in children in Turkey and emphasize the change in the serotypes before and after vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was included and PCV-13 was newly changed in Turkish National Immunization Program. Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were isolated at 22 different hospitals of Turkey, which provide healthcare services to approximately 65% of the Turkish population.

Detection of the frequency of PER-1 type extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Turkey: a multicenter study.

Background/aim: β-Lactamases are an important resistance mechanism in Acinetobacter baumannii. Pseudomonas extended-resistance (PER-1) type β-lactamase-producing strains have been reported from various geographic locations; however, PER-1 type β-lactamases from Turkish hospitals have not been investigated extensively. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PER-1 type β-lactamases in A.

A Highly Rare Cause of Lumbar Spondylodiscitis with Epidural Abscess: Actinomyces israelii.

Actinomyces species may lead to slowly progressive infection of almost any site once mucosal breakdown exists; hence, it has the name "great pretender." Its diagnosis may be unthinkable unless proper cultures/histologies are taken. We describe a patient with lumbar spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess.

Effects of tissue plasminogen activator in experimentally induced peritonitis.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the microbiological and immunological effects of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in a rat model of peritonitis.

Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into three groups. Peritonitis and thereafter laparotomy and partial omentectomy were performed in all rats.

Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in differantiating to contamination from bacteremia.

Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are important biological markers used in the diagnosis of severe infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consistency of blood culture with PCT and CRP in differentiating contamination and non-bacteremia from true bacteremia. In this study blood samples were obtained from 809 febrile patients and analyzed using BACTEC 9120 system.

Susceptibility of clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococci isolates to new antibiotics.

Background: The treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections has been a growing problem both in and out of hospitals for the past 30 years. Therefore, there is a need for other antibiotics as an alternative to glycopeptides in the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. This study investigated the in vitro susceptibility of 49 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 59 methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS) clinical isolates to daptomiycin, telithromycin, tigecyclin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and linezolid.

[Distribution of blaOXA genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains: a multicenter study].

Acinetobacter baumannii is the most important agent of nosocomial infections within the Acinetobacter genus. This gram-negative coccobacillus is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics used in antimicrobial therapy, and capable of developing resistance including carbapenems. The objective of this study was to develop a multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) kit for OXA subgroups in A.

The high diversity of MRSA clones detected in a university hospital in istanbul.

Background: To characterize the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones present in Istanbul, 102 MRSA isolates collected during a 5-year period at the Istanbul Medical Faculty Hospital were characterized using microarray analysis and phenotypic resistance profiles.

Methods: Resistance to methicillin was detected with a cefoxitin disk diffusion assay and confirmed with a MRSA-agar and MRSA detection kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a disk diffusion assay and interpreted according to the 2012 guidelines of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology.