Decreasing the prospect of upper extremity neuropraxia during robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a novel technique.

Risk of intraoperative neuropathic injury in minimally invasive surgery has been established as a leading complication. Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM), such as upper extremity somatosensory evoked potentials (ueSSEPs), to decrease peripheral nerve injury due to positional stress has been described. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) requires steep Trendelenberg, which may predispose patients to upper extremity neuropraxia.

Light-Activated Electron Transfer and Turnover in Ru-Modified Aldehyde Deformylating Oxygenases.

Conversion of biological molecules into fuels or other useful chemicals is an ongoing chemical challenge. One class of enzymes that has received attention for such applications is aldehyde deformylating oxygenase (ADO) enzymes. These enzymes convert aliphatic aldehydes to the alkanes and formate.

Biphasic effect of melanocortin agonists on metabolic rate and body temperature.

The melanocortin system regulates metabolic homeostasis and inflammation. Melanocortin agonists have contradictorily been reported to both increase and decrease metabolic rate and body temperature. We find two distinct physiologic responses occurring at similar doses.

Flotillin-1 is essential for PKC-triggered endocytosis and membrane microdomain localization of DAT.

Plasmalemmal neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) regulate the level of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA) and glutamate, after their release at brain synapses. Stimuli including protein kinase C (PKC) activation can lead to the internalization of some NTTs and a reduction in neurotransmitter clearance capacity. We found that the protein Flotillin-1 (Flot1), also known as Reggie-2, was required for PKC-regulated internalization of members of two different NTT families, the DA transporter (DAT) and the glial glutamate transporter EAAT2, and we identified a conserved serine residue in Flot1 that is essential for transporter internalization.

Syntaxin 1A interaction with the dopamine transporter promotes amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux.

The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein syntaxin 1A (SYN1A) interacts with and regulates the function of transmembrane proteins, including ion channels and neurotransmitter transporters. Here, we define the first 33 amino acids of the N terminus of the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) as the site of direct interaction with SYN1A. Amphetamine (AMPH) increases the association of SYN1A with human DAT (hDAT) in a heterologous expression system (hDAT cells) and with native DAT in murine striatal synaptosomes.

PI3K signaling supports amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux.

The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is a major molecular target of the psychostimulant amphetamine (AMPH). AMPH, as a result of its ability to reverse DAT-mediated inward transport of DA, induces DA efflux thereby increasing extracellular DA levels. This increase is thought to underlie the behavioral effects of AMPH.

Regulation of dopamine transporter trafficking by intracellular amphetamine.

The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) mediates the removal of released DA. DAT is the major molecular target responsible for the rewarding properties and abuse potential of the psychostimulant amphetamine (AMPH). AMPH has been shown to reduce the number of DATs at the cell surface, and this AMPH-induced cell surface DAT redistribution may result in long-lasting changes in DA homeostasis.

The N-terminus of the norepinephrine transporter regulates the magnitude and selectivity of the transporter-associated leak current.

The norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) mediates the removal of NE from synaptic spaces and is a major target for antidepressants, amphetamine and cocaine. Previously, we have shown that syntaxin 1A (SYN 1A) supports human NET (hNET) cell surface expression, that hNET/SYN 1A interactions are direct and mediated by the hNET N-terminus, and that the hNET/SYN 1A association limits substrate-induced hNET-associated currents [Sung, U., Apparsundaram, S.

A comparison of diagnostic assays for the detection of type A swine influenza virus from nasal swabs and lungs.

Nasal swabs and lung samples from pigs experimentally infected with H1N1 swine influenza virus (SIV) were examined for the presence of SIV by the indirect fluorescent antibody assay, immunohistochemistry, cell culture virus isolation, egg inoculation, and 2 human enzyme immunoassays (membrane enzyme immunoassay, microwell enzyme immunoassay). Egg inoculation was considered to be the gold standard for assay evaluation. The 2 human enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and egg inoculation agreed 100% for the prechallenge nasal swabs.