Induction of temperate cyanophage AS-1 by heavy metal--copper.

Background: It has been reported that some marine cyanophage are temperate and can be induced from a lysogenic phase to a lytic phase by different agents such as heavy metals. However, to date no significant reports have focused on the temperate nature of freshwater cyanophage/cyanobacteria. Previous experiments with cyanophage AS-1 and cyanobacteria Anacystis nidulans have provided some evidence that AS-1 may have a lysogenic life cycle in addition to the characterized lytic cycle.

Assay of pertussis vaccine reactivity factors by measurement of the paw swelling response, endotoxin and histamine-sensitizing factor.

Bordetella pertussis is composed of a series of active components: (1) a heat-labile or dermonecrotic toxin (HLT); (2) a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS); (3) pertussis toxin; (4) filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA); (5) agglutinogens; (6) outer membrane proteins; (7) adenylate cyclase; and (8) tracheal cytotoxin. Pertussis toxin (PT), also called lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF), encompasses a series of biological activities including: (1) histamine-sensitization (HSF); (2) leukocytosis-promoting activity (LPF); (3) LPF-hemagglutinin (LPF-HA); and (4) pancreatic islet-activating protein (IAP). The heat-labile toxin is inactivated during vaccine production.

Survey of medically important true bacteria found associated with carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae).

Thirty-six carrion beetles (Silphidae: Nicrophorus tomentosus Weber, Oiceoptoma noveboracense (Forster), Necrophila americana (L.] collected in the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Basking Ridge, N.J.