Usefulness of anorectal and endovaginal 3D ultrasound in the evaluation of sphincter and pubovisceral muscle defects using a new scoring system in women with fecal incontinence after vaginal delivery.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate pubovisceral muscle and anal sphincter defects in women with previous vaginal delivery and fecal incontinence and to correlate the findings with the severity of symptoms using the combined anorectal and endovaginal 3D ultrasonography with a new ultrasound scoring system.

Methods: Consecutive female patients with previous vaginal delivery and fecal incontinence symptoms were screened. Fecal incontinence was assessed with the Cleveland Clinic Florida fecal incontinence scale, and the extent of defects was assessed by an ultrasound score based on results of anorectal and endovaginal 3D ultrasound.

Use of Biofeedback Combined With Diet for Treatment of Obstructed Defecation Associated With Paradoxical Puborectalis Contraction (Anismus): Predictive Factors and Short-term Outcome.

Background: Numerous studies have described the use of biofeedback therapy for the treatment of anismus. Success rates vary widely, but few data are available regarding factors predictive of success.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate short-term results of biofeedback associated with diet in patients with obstructed defecation because of anismus and to investigate factors that may affect the results.

Electroacupuncture ameliorates experimental colitis induced by TNBS through activation of interleukin-10 and inhibition of iNOS in mice.

Purpose: To study the anti-inflammatory actions of electroacupuncture (EAc) on an experimental colitis model in mice.

Methods: Thirty-eight male Swiss mice, divided in five groups, were subjected to induction of colitis by TNBS in 50% ethanol. Saline (SAL) and ethanol (ETNL) groups served as controls.

Do changes in anal sphincter anatomy correlate with anal function in women with a history of vaginal delivery?

Objectives: To evaluate anal sphincter anatomy using three-dimensional ultrasonography (3-DAUS) in incontinent women with vaginal delivery, correlate anatomical findings with symptoms of fecal incontinence and determine the effect of vaginal delivery on anal canal anatomy and function.

Methods: Female with fecal incontinence and vaginal delivery were assessed with Wexner's score, manometry, and 3DAUS. A control group comprising asymptomatic nulliparous was included.

Use of dynamic 3-dimensional transvaginal and transrectal ultrasonography to assess posterior pelvic floor dysfunction related to obstructed defecation.

Background: New ultrasound techniques may complement current diagnostic tools, and combined techniques may help to overcome the limitations of individual techniques for the diagnosis of anorectal dysfunction. A high degree of agreement has been demonstrated between echodefecography (dynamic 3-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography) and conventional defecography.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the ability of a combined approach consisting of dynamic 3-dimensional transvaginal and transrectal ultrasonography by using a 3-dimensional biplane endoprobe to assess posterior pelvic floor dysfunctions related to obstructed defecation syndrome in comparison with echodefecography.

Ponderal behavior of rats fed an omegas 3, 6 and 9 enriched diet submitted to colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane.

Purpose: To assess weight changes in rats fed diets with different ratios of omegas 3, 6 and 9 submitted to colonic carcinogenesis induced by Azoxymethane (AOM).

Methods: Sixty rats with three weeks of life were distributed into five groups of specific diets containing 12 animals each: GI- Standard diet without administration of AOM, GII- Standard diet with administration of AOM; GIII- Hyperlipidic diet with administration of AOM; GIV-Normolipidic diet with administration of AOM; GV- Hypolipidic diet with administration of AOM. The weight and food intake of each group were assessed four times in each week throughout the experiment until euthanasia at 36th week.

Hepatic repercussions of azoxymethane-induced colorectal carcinogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the hepatic effects of colonic carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane at different doses and times of exposure in rats.

Methods: Forty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The animals were eight weeks at the beginning of the experiment.

How much of the internal sphincter may be divided during lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure in women? Morphologic and functional evaluation after sphincterotomy.

Background: Sphincterotomy is used to treat chronic anal fissure, but the length of the sphincterotomy is associated with incontinence.

Objective: We used 3-dimensional anal ultrasonography to determine the proportion of the internal anal sphincter that may be divided during lateral internal sphincterotomy in women without predisposing them to a high risk of fecal incontinence.

Design And Setting: This was a prospective, observational cohort study conducted at a tertiary-care hospital.

Management of patients with rectocele, multiple pelvic floor dysfunctions and obstructed defecation syndrome.

Context: Management of patients with obstructed defecation syndrome is still controversial.

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of clinical, clinical treatment followed by biofeedback, and surgical treatment in patients with obstructed defecation, rectocele and multiple dysfunctions evaluated with echodefecography.

Methods: The study included 103 females aged 26-84 years with obstructed defecation, grade-II/III rectocele and multiple dysfunctions on echodefecography.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and Ki-67 proteins in colorectal adenomas.

Context: The appearance of adenomas and their progression to adenocarcinomas is the result of an accumulation of genetic changes in cells of the intestinal mucosa inherited or acquired during life. Several proteins have been studied in relation to the development and progression of colorectal cancer, including tumor protein p53 (p53) and antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (Ki-67).

Objective: To evaluate the expression of p53 and Ki-67 in colorectal adenomas and correlate the observed levels with clinical and pathologic findings.

Effect of a hyperlipidic diet rich in omegas 3, 6 and 9 on aberrant crypt formation in rat colonic mucosa.

Purpose: To determine whether a hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids influences the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colonic mucosa of Wistar rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM).

Methods: At eight weeks of life, the rats were assigned to four groups: Group I-standard diet (STD) not treated with AOM; Group II-hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet (FED), not treated with AOM; Group III-STD, treated with AOM; Group IV-FED, treated with AOM. At 16 weeks, the animals were injected intraperitoneal with 0.

Influence of age, mode of delivery and parity on the prevalence of posterior pelvic floor dysfunctions.

Context: The correlation between vaginal delivery, age and pelvic floor dysfunctions involving obstructed defecation is still a matter of controversy.

Objectives: To determine the influence of age, mode of delivery and parity on the prevalence of posterior pelvic floor dysfunctions in women with obstructed defecation syndrome.

Methods: Four hundred sixty-nine females with obstructed defecation syndrome were retrospectively evaluated using dynamic 3D ultrasonography to quantify posterior pelvic floor dysfunctions (rectocele grade II or III, rectal intussusception, paradoxical contraction/non-relaxation of the puborectalis and entero/ sigmoidocele grade III).

Hepatic and biochemical repercussions of a polyunsaturated fat-rich hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet in Wistar rats.

Context: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by lipid deposits in the hepatocytes and has been associated with obesity, dyslipidemia and type-2 diabetes. It is considered a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, of which the main component is insulin resistance leading to hyperinsulinemia and increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Saturated fat promotes hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia, reduces levels of high-density cholesterol and increases levels of low-density cholesterol, while polyunsaturated fat is associated with hypolipidemic, antiinflammatory and imunoregulating action.

TRREMS procedure (transanal repair of rectocele and rectal mucosectomy with one circular stapler): a prospective multicenter trial.

Context: Since anorectocele is usually associated with mucosa prolapse and/or rectal intussusceptions, it was developed a stapled surgical technique using one circular stapler.

Objective: To report the results of Transanal Repair of Rectocele and Rectal Mucosectomy with one Circular Stapler (TRREMS procedure) in the treatment of anorectocele with mucosa prolapse in a prospective multicenter trial.

Methods: It was conducted by 14 surgeons and included 75 female patients, mean aged 49.

Anatomic characteristics of anal fistula on three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography.

Background: Surgery for anal fistula is often associated with continence disorders due to the transection of sphincter muscles. Extensive knowledge of anal canal anatomy and anal fistula can help prevent this outcome.

Objective: This study aimed to correlate the anatomical conformation of the anal canal, the fistula track, and the internal opening according to sex and hemicircumference (anterior vs posterior) by use of 3-dimensional ultrasonography.

Is dynamic two-dimensional anal ultrasonography useful in the assessment of anismus? A comparison with manometry.

Context: Anismus is a prevalent functional cause of outlet delay. It is characterized by symptoms of obstructed defecation associated with paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor muscles.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of two dimensional anal ultrasonography to identify anismus patients with paradoxical contraction or normal relaxation, comparing findings with manometric measurements.

The role of 3-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography in the assessment of anterior transsphincteric fistula.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of 3-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography in the choice of surgical technique according to the position of the fistulous tract in patients with anterior transsphincteric anal fistula.

Methods: A total of 33 patients (18 male) with anterior transsphincteric fistulas were evaluated by ultrasonography. The length of the external and internal anal sphincters, the position of the internal opening, the length of the compromised sphincter, and the percentage of sphincter muscle to be transected during surgery were measured, compared between sexes, and used in planning the surgery.

Optimization of visibility and quantification of aberrant crypt foci in colonic mucosa in Wistar rats.

Purpose: Test immersion of microscopy samples in water as an aid to visualizing and quantifying aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon mucosa.

Methods: Carcinogenesis was induced with azoxymethane in Wistar rats kept on a conventional diet or a hypercaloric diet containing unsaturated fat. Fifteen weeks after induction, colon samples were retrieved and fixated in a 10% formaldehyde solution.

Effect of soluble fiber or fructooligosaccharide supplementation upon trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid induced colitis in rats.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of soluble fiber or fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation upon trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.

Methods: 64 Wistar rats were given water, soluble fiber or FOS intragastrically during 14 days prior to colitis induction with TNBS (n=48) or rectal enema with water (n=16; control group). On the 7th or 14th day following colitis induction the rats were weighed and euthanized in order to determine the colon weight/length ratio and macroscopic and microscopic scores.

[Importance of the tridimensional ultrasound in the anorectal evaluation].

Background: Anorectal endosonography is actually the main image exam to evaluate some anorectal diseases.

Aim: To show the three-dimensional endosonography importance in the anal canal anatomic evaluation and the anorectal diseases diagnosis.

Methods: Seventy four anorectal ultrasound were performed, 23 normal individuals (13 women) and 51 patients (33 women) with benign and malignant diseases.

[Experimental model of laparoscopic handsewn suture in colon of dogs].

Purpose: Develop an experimental model of laparoscopic hand-sewn suture in colon of dogs to be specially used for surgeons' training.

Methods: Forty male dogs were operated on, weight between 15 and 20 kg, from the laboratory of the Veterinary School of the State University of Ceara. They were distributed within two groups with 20 animals each: GI--The colonic wall incision was done with an electrical scalpel followed by haemosthasia and GII--The colonic wall incision was performed with a scissors.

[Tensional and morphologic analysis of the colonic anastomosis on 10% acetic acid induced colitis, in Wistar rats, treated with 10% aroeira-do-sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva fr. all.) aqueous extract].

Purpose: Verify, from a morphologic and tensional view point, the effect of the 10% aqueous extract of aroeira-do-sertão on the colonic anastomosis, during the occurrence of 10% acetic acid induced colitis, in Wistar rats.

Methods: There were used 48 Wistar rats, distributed in two groups. All animals were subjected to induction of colitis by aqueous solution of 10% acetic acid.

[Histologic analysis of colonic anastomotic healing, in rats, under the action of 10% Aroeira-do-sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva fr. all.) enema].

Purpose: Evaluate, from a histologic view point, the action of the aqueous extract of aroeira-do-sertão on the healing of colonic anastomosis, in Wistar rats.

Methods: There were used 48 Wistar rats, males, with average weight of 320g, distributed in two groups, with 24 animals, each. All animals were subjected to a complete transverse section of the descending colon, followed by colonic anastomosis.

Morphologic and morphometric analyses of acetic acid-induced colitis in rats after treatment with enemas from Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. (Aroeira do Sertão).

The present work showed the effects of Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All., popularly known as 'aroeira' (AE), in the form of enemas prepared from the stem bark, on several morphologic and morphometric parameters after acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.