design of a multi-epitope vaccine against subspecies .

The widespread chronic enteritis known as Paratuberculosis (PTB) or Johne's disease (JD) is caused by subspecies (MAP), posing a significant threat to global public health. Given the challenges associated with PTB or JD, the development and application of vaccines are potentially important for disease control. The aim of this study was to design a multi-epitope vaccine against MAP.