Azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe.

Objectives: To characterize the genetic basis of azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella collected within the EU harmonized antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programme in 2014-18 and the Danish AMR surveillance programme in 2016-19.

Methods: WGS data of 1007 E. coli [165 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] and 269 Salmonella [29 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] were screened for acquired macrolide resistance genes and mutations in rplDV, 23S rRNA and acrB genes using ResFinder v4.

Genetic Diversity of subsp. Serovar Enteritidis from Human and Non-Human Sources in Portugal.

subsp. serovar Enteritidis ( Enteritidis) is one of the leading causes of foodborne infections associated with broilers and laying hens. Portugal has had the lowest notification rates of salmonellosis in recent years, due to the vaccinations of layer and breeder flocks and strict compliance with biosecurity measures.

Building an International One Health Strain Level Database to Characterise the Epidemiology of AMR Threats: ESBL-AmpC Producing as An Example-Challenges and Perspectives.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top public health threats nowadays. Among the most important AMR pathogens, resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESC-EC) is a perfect example of the One Health problem due to its global distribution in animal, human, and environmental sources and its resistant phenotype, derived from the carriage of plasmid-borne extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases, which limits the choice of effective antimicrobial therapies. The epidemiology of ESC-EC infection is complex as a result of the multiple possible sources involved in its transmission, and its study would require databases ideally comprising information from animal (livestock, companion, wildlife), human, and environmental sources.

Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Genes and in Multidrug-Resistant Strains Isolated from a Healthy Pig in Portugal.

Antimicrobial resistance encoded by mobile colistin resistance () genes is a global and emergent threat. In this study, we report the occurrence of two different populations of colistin-resistant harboring and variants in the intestinal microbiome of a healthy pig. Following antimicrobial susceptibility determination, the presence of genes in two strains, isolated according to different selective microbiological procedures, was screened by PCR.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to β-Lactams and Polymyxins of from Broilers Raised under Intensive and Extensive Production Systems.

The intensive and extensive broiler production systems imply different veterinary interventions, including the use of antimicrobials. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolated from both systems, characterize resistance mechanisms to β-lactams and polymyxins, and identify genetic elements such as integrons. isolates recovered from broiler cecal samples were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility through the broth microdilution technique.

Emergence of -Mediated Linezolid Resistance among Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant (LA-MRSA) from Healthy Pigs in Portugal.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) ST398 is mainly found in Europe and North America, colonizing the nasal cavity of pigs. This study characterized the MRSA isolates recovered from pig nasal swabs ( = 171) by evaluating the antimicrobial susceptibility profile by broth microdilution and characterizing the genetic lineages by -typing. Three linezolid-resistant isolates were subjected to Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS).

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates from Cattle and Pigs in Portugal: Linezolid Resistance Genes and .

Enterococci are part of the commensal gut microbiota of mammals, with and being the most clinically relevant species. This study assesses the prevalence and diversity of enterococcal species in cattle ( = 201) and pig ( = 249) cecal samples collected in 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of ( = 48) and ( = 84) were assessed by agar and microdilution methods.

Prevalence and Characterization of ESBL/AmpC Producing from Fresh Meat in Portugal.

The present study aimed to characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (ESBL/PMAβ) among producers isolated from beef, pork, and poultry meat collected at retail, in Portugal. A total of 638 meat samples were collected and inoculated on selective medium for the search of resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular assays targeting ESBL/AmpC, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) encoding genes.

Emergence and Clonal Spread of CTX-M-65-Producing From Retail Meat in Portugal.

The emergence and dissemination of resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins among from different sources impose a global public health threat. Here, we characterized by whole-genome sequencing four strains harboring the gene identified among 49 isolates from beef and pork collected at retail. The genomic content was determined using the Center for Genomic Epidemiology web tools.

Occurrence of a Rare Multidrug Resistant Coharboring and Genes in a Bovine.

In this study, a rare strain of co-harboring and genes was characterized by whole genome sequencing. strain was recovered from a bovine cecal sample collected at slaughter. The strain was resistant to third and fourth generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole, which was in concordance with the genotype: and , -Via and and genes, respectively.

Genetic Relatedness and Diversity of from Different Reservoirs: Humans and Animals of Livestock, Poultry, Zoo, and Aquaculture.

The main aim of this study was the characterization of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in 82 strains isolated from humans and animals. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates accordingly, and antibiotic-resistant genes were investigated by genotypic methods. The genetic diversity of was studied through , multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and typing methods.

IncX4 Plasmid Carrying the New Gene Variant in a CTX-M-8-Producing Isolate Recovered From Swine.

We studied a commensal colistin-resistant isolated from a swine cecum sample collected at a slaughter, in Portugal. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotype of LV23529 showed resistance to colistin at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L. Whole genome of LV23529 was sequenced using a MiSeq system and the assembled contigs were analyzed for the presence of antibiotic resistance and plasmid replicon types using bioinformatics tools.

New insights into resistance to colistin and third-generation cephalosporins of Escherichia coli in poultry, Portugal: Novel bla and bla genes.

The increasing incidence of intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Gram negative organisms that has been observed in food animals such as poultry, cattle and pigs, are suggestive that animals, food and environment are potential sources of ESBL-producing bacteria. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterized commensal E. coli obtained from healthy broiler and turkey flocks at slaughter for the presence of penicillinases-, ESBL-, extended-spectrum AmpC (ESAC)-, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance- and MCR-encoding genes.

Draft Genomic Analysis of an Avian Multidrug Resistant Isolate Carrying .

is a commensal bacterium and opportunistic pathogen often present in the gut of humans and animals. We report the 4.3 Mbp draft genome sequence of a isolated in association with an from broilers in Portugal that showed macroscopic lesions consistent with colisepticemia.

Draft Genome Sequence of an Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from a Gallus gallus Broiler Producing the Novel CTX-M-166 Variant.

We report here the draft genome sequence of the CTX-M-166-harboring O6:H16 sequence type 48 (ST48)-fimH34 Escherichia coli strain recovered from a Gallus gallus broiler. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of an IncI1/ST103-ISEcp1-bla-orf477 plasmid region and of diverse antibiotic resistance and virulence-acquired genes.

QnrS1- and Aac(6')-Ib-cr-Producing Escherichia coli among Isolates from Animals of Different Sources: Susceptibility and Genomic Characterization.

Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli can inhabit humans and animals from multiple origins. These bacteria are often associated with gastroenteritis in animals, being a frequent cause of resistant zoonotic infections. In fact, bacteria from animals can be transmitted to humans through the food chain and direct contact.

Current perspectives on the dynamics of antibiotic resistance in different reservoirs.

Antibiotic resistance consists of a dynamic web. In this review, we describe the path by which different antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes disseminate among relevant reservoirs (human, animal, and environmental settings), evaluating how these events contribute to the current scenario of antibiotic resistance. The relationship between the spread of resistance and the contribution of different genetic elements and events is revisited, exploring examples of the processes by which successful mobile resistance genes spread across different niches.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and oxymino-β-lactam resistance mechanisms in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from different animal sources.

The impact of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (PMAβs) of animal origin has been a public health concern. In this study, 562 Salmonella enterica and 598 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from different animal species and food products were tested for antimicrobial resistance. Detection of ESBL-, PMAβ-, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)-encoding genes and integrons was performed in isolates showing non-wild-type phenotypes.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica isolates from healthy breeder and broiler flocks in Portugal.

Three hundred and thirty-three isolates representing 40 different serotypes of Salmonella enterica, recovered from environmental and faecal samples of breeder and broiler flocks from 2009 to 2011, were studied. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration of 11 antimicrobials using the agar dilution method. Salmonella Havana, S.