Expression of FAM159B in Humans, Rats, and Mice: A Cross-species Examination.

Little is known about the adaptor protein FAM159B. To determine whether FAM159B expression findings in rats or mice can be extrapolated to humans, we compared FAM159B expression in healthy tissue samples from all three species using immunohistochemistry. Despite variations in expression intensity, similar FAM159B expression patterns were observed in most organs across species.

Cross-Reactivity of N6AMT1 Antibodies with Aurora Kinase A: An Example of Antibody-Specific Non-Specificity.

Primary antibodies are one of the main tools used in molecular biology research. However, the often-occurring cross-reactivity of primary antibodies complicates accurate data analysis. Our results show that three commercial polyclonal antibodies raised against N-6 adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (N6AMT1) strongly cross-react with endogenous and recombinant mitosis-associated protein Aurora kinase A (AURKA).

Expression of free fatty acid receptor 2 in normal and neoplastic tissues.

Objective: Little information is available concerning protein expression of the free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), especially in tumours. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to comprehensively characterise the expression profile of FFAR2 in a large series of human normal and neoplastic tissues using immunohistochemistry thus providing a basis for further in-depth investigations into its potential diagnostic or therapeutic importance.

Methods: We developed a novel rabbit polyclonal anti-FFAR2 antibody, 0524, directed against the C-terminal region of human FFAR2.

Expression prevalence and dynamics of GPCR somatostatin receptors 2 and 3 as cancer biomarkers beyond NET: a paired immunohistochemistry approach.

Somatostatin receptors are clinically validated GPCR biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of various neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Among the five somatostatin receptors, SST2 and SST3 are associated with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, making these receptor subtypes better differentiated targets in precision oncology. In this study we performed immunohistochemistry of paired tissue microarrays containing 1125 cores, representing 43 tumor types, each stained for SST2 and SST3.

Expression of G protein-coupled receptor GPR19 in normal and neoplastic human tissues.

Little is known about the expression of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR19 at the protein level. Therefore, we developed a rabbit antibody, targeting human GPR19. After verification of the antibody specificity using GPR19-expressing cell lines and a GPR19-specific siRNA, the antibody was used for immunohistochemical staining of a variety of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and neoplastic human tissue samples.

Sodium thiosulfate refuels the hepatic antioxidant pool reducing ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a critical liver condition during hepatic transplantation, trauma, or shock. An ischemic deprivation of antioxidants and energy characterizes liver injury in such cases. In the face of increased reactive oxygen production, hepatocytes are vulnerable to the reperfusion driving ROS generation and multiple cell-death mechanisms.

Expression of the Calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor (CALCRL) in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues.

Little information is available concerning protein expression of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CALCRL) at the protein level. Here, we developed a rabbit monoclonal antibody, 8H9L8, which is directed against human CALCRL but cross-reacts with the rat and mouse forms of the receptor. We confirmed antibody specificity via Western blot analyses and immunocytochemistry using the CALCRL-expressing neuroendocrine tumour cell line BON-1 and a CALCRL-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA).

Periportal steatosis in mice affects distinct parameters of pericentral drug metabolism.

Little is known about the impact of morphological disorders in distinct zones on metabolic zonation. It was described recently that periportal fibrosis did affect the expression of CYP proteins, a set of pericentrally located drug-metabolizing enzymes. Here, we investigated whether periportal steatosis might have a similar effect.

Co-Expression of Adaptor Protein FAM159B with Different Markers for Neuroendocrine Cells: An Immunocytochemical and Immunohistochemical Study.

Little is known about the adaptor protein FAM159B. Recently, FAM159B was shown to be particularly expressed in neuroendocrine cells and tissues, such as pancreatic islets and neuroendocrine cells of the bronchopulmonary and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as in different types of neuroendocrine tumours. To gain insights into possible interactions of FAM159B with other proteins and/or receptors, we analysed the co-expression of FAM159B and various neuroendocrine-specific markers in the cancer cell lines BON-1, PC-3, NCI-h82, OH-1, and A431 and also in human pancreatic tissues and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.

Evaluation of PD-L1 expression in a large set of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and correlation with clinicopathological data.

Background: Targeting programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 is a promising therapeutic approach for many types of cancer in which PD-L1 is overexpressed. However, data on PD-L1 expression levels in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are limited and contradictory.

Methods: We evaluated PD-L1 expression in 457 archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded GEP-NEN samples from 175 patients by immunohistochemistry using the highly sensitive monoclonal anti-PD-L1 antibody 73-10.

Reassessment of somatostatin receptor SST4 expression in bronchopulmonary and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms using the novel rabbit monoclonal anti-human SST4 antibody 7H49L61.

Somatostatin receptors SST1, SST2, and SST5 are overexpressed in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), but little is known about SST4 expression in NENs because of a lack of specific monoclonal antibodies. We recently developed and thoroughly characterised a rabbit monoclonal anti-human SST4 antibody, 7H49L61, and showed that it is well suited for identifying SST4 expression in routine pathology samples. The present study aimed to re-evaluate SST4 expression in a large set of NEN samples using this antibody.

Comparative evaluation of somatostatin and CXCR4 receptor expression in different types of thyroid carcinoma using well-characterised monoclonal antibodies.

Background: Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas can be treated surgically and with radioiodine therapy, whereas therapeutic options for advanced stage IV medullary and for anaplastic tumours are limited. Recently, somatostatin receptors (SSTs) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 have been evaluated for the treatment of thyroid carcinomas, however, with contradictory results.

Methods: The expression of the five SSTs and of CXCR4 was assessed in 90 samples from 56 patients with follicular, papillary, medullary, or anaplastic thyroid carcinoma by means of immunohistochemistry using well-characterised monoclonal antibodies.

Assessment of G Protein-Coupled Oestrogen Receptor Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Human Tissues Using a Novel Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody.

In addition to the classical oestrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, a G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) has been identified that primarily mediates the rapid, non-genomic signalling of oestrogens. Data on GPER expression at the protein level are contradictory; therefore, the present study was conducted to re-evaluate GPER expression by immunohistochemistry to obtain broad GPER expression profiles in human non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues, especially those not investigated in this respect so far. We developed and thoroughly characterised a novel rabbit monoclonal anti-human GPER antibody, 20H15L21, using Western blot analyses and immunocytochemistry.

Reassessment of SST4 Somatostatin Receptor Expression Using SST4-eGFP Knockin Mice and the Novel Rabbit Monoclonal Anti-Human SST4 Antibody 7H49L61.

Among the five somatostatin receptors (SST1-SST5), SST4 is the least characterized, which is in part due to the lack of specific monoclonal antibodies. We generated a knockin mouse model that expresses a carboxyl-terminal SST4-eGFP fusion protein. In addition, we extensively characterized the novel rabbit monoclonal anti-human SST4 antibody 7H49L61 using transfected cells and receptor-expressing tissues.

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Adaptor Protein FAM159B Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Human Tissues.

FAM159B is a so-called adaptor protein. These proteins are essential components in numerous cell signalling pathways. However, little is known regarding FAM159B expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues.

Gender-Specific Efficacy Revealed by Head-to-Head Comparison of Pasireotide and Octreotide in a Representative In Vivo Model of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumors.

Invasive nonfunctioning pituitary tumors (NFPTs) are non-resectable neoplasms associated with frequent relapse and significant comorbidities. Current treatments, including somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2)-directed somatostatin analogs (SSAs), often fail against NFPTs. Thus, identifying effective therapies is clinically relevant.

Immunohistochemical identification of complement peptide C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) in non-neoplastic and neoplastic human tissues.

The complement component C5a and its receptor C5aR1 are involved in the development of numerous inflammatory diseases. In addition to immune cells, C5aR1 is expressed in neoplastic cells of multiple tumour entities, where C5aR1 is associated with a higher proliferation rate, advanced tumour stage, and poor patient outcomes. The aim of the present study was to obtain a broad expression profile of C5aR1 in human non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues, especially in tumour entities not investigated in this respect so far.

Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours.

Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for many types of cancer that overexpress PD-L1. However, data on PD-L1 expression levels in bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (BP-NEN) are limited and contradictory. In the present study, a total of 298 archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded BP-NEN samples from 97 patients diagnosed with typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC) were evaluated for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry using the highly sensitive monoclonal anti-PD-L1 antibody 73-10.

Targeting Complement C5a Receptor 1 for the Treatment of Immunosuppression in Sepsis.

Complement factor C5a was originally identified as a powerful promoter of inflammation through activation of the C5a receptor 1 (C5ar1). Recent evidence suggests involvement of C5a not only in pro- but also in anti-inflammatory signaling. The present study aims to unveil the role of C5ar1 as potential therapeutic target in a murine sepsis model.

Evaluation of Somatostatin and CXCR4 Receptor Expression in a Large Set of Prostate Cancer Samples Using Tissue Microarrays and Well-Characterized Monoclonal Antibodies.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer among men in Western countries. Despite numerous therapeutic options, few treatments are available for patients with end-stage disease. In the present study, different somatostatin receptors (SSTs) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 were evaluated for their suitability as novel therapeutic targets in PCa.

Case report of a cystic parathyroidal adenoma with rapid growth induced by cinacalcet.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare condition of disease which can seldomly present as giant retrotrhyroideal cysts, complicating the localization of the adenoma to resect.

Case Presentation: A 56-year old female presented with hypercalcaemia of 3.38 mmol/L (2.

Cxcr4 distinguishes HSC-derived monocytes from microglia and reveals monocyte immune responses to experimental stroke.

Monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages are ontogenetically distinct components of the innate immune system. Assessment of their respective functions in pathology is complicated by changes to the macrophage phenotype during inflammation. Here we find that Cxcr4-CreER enables permanent genetic labeling of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and distinguishes HSC-derived monocytes from microglia and other tissue-resident macrophages.

Comprehensive assessment of tissue and serum parameters of bone metabolism in a series of orthopaedic patients.

Bone diseases represent an increasing health burden worldwide, and basic research remains necessary to better understand the complexity of these pathologies and to improve and expand existing prevention and treatment approaches. In the present study, 216 bone samples from the caput femoris and collum femoris of 108 patients with degenerative or dysplastic coxarthrosis, hip fracture, or osteonecrosis were evaluated for the proportion of trabecular bone (TB) and expression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTH1R), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Serum levels of PTH, OPG, soluble RANKL (sRANKL), alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin, total procollagen type-1 intact N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b (TRAP5b), sclerostin, and C-telopeptide of type-1 collagen (ICTP) were also determined.