Rural-urban differences in dental opioid prescribing among adolescent/young adult and adult Medicaid beneficiaries.

Introduction: There are ongoing concerns about opioid prescribing for surgical and non-surgical dental needs among adolescent/young adult and adult patients. Although there are known differences in the overall opioid prescription rates in rural areas compared to urban areas, the contribution of dental opioid prescriptions is still unclear. This study aims to examine the factors associated with receiving an opioid prescription following a dental visit.

Developing the optimal gross movement interventions to improve the physical fitness of 3-10 year-old children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To identify the optimal parameters of gross movement interventions to yield the strongest effects on physical fitness among children aged 3-10 years and to provide a reference for the development of gross movement interventions to improve the physical fitness of children.

Background: There has been a global decline in children's physical fitness. Previous studies have shown that gross movement interventions can improve children's physical fitness, but the optimal intervention parameters for achieving the strongest effects have yet to be determined.

Soil environmental anomalies dominate the responses of net ecosystem productivity to heatwaves in three Mongolian grasslands.

Climate change is causing more frequent and intense heatwaves. Therefore, it is important to understand how heatwaves affect the terrestrial carbon cycle, especially in grasslands, which are especially susceptible to climate extremes. This study assessed the impact of naturally occurring, simultaneous short-term heatwaves on CO fluxes in three ecosystems on the Mongolia Plateau: meadow steppe (MDW), typical steppe (TPL), and shrub-grassland (SHB).

Chemical Composition Modulation Realizing Remarkable Improvement of Thermoelectric Performance in CuInTe-Based Alloy.

CuInTe (CIT) is one of the typical ternary chalcogenides known for its characteristic mixed polyanionic/polycationic site defects, making it a subject of continuous interest in the field of thermoelectrics. In this work, we propose a chemical composition modulation strategy for CIT by alloying GeTe and then introducing a copper deficiency (denoted by V). This strategy aims to unpin its Fermi level () and shift into the valence band (VB) while simultaneously enabling coupling between the optical and acoustic phonon, thereby providing an extra phonon scattering path at low frequencies.

pH-responsive color-indicating film of pea protein isolate cross-linked with dialdehyde carboxylated cellulose nanofibers for pork freshness monitoring.

The limited mechanical performance and responsiveness of protein-based smart packaging materials have hindered their development. To address these issues, this study prepared a pH-responsive smart film by introducing dialdehyde carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (DCCNFs) as the cross-linking agent capable of covalently reacting with proteins, and bilberry extract (BE) as a pH-responsive indicator into pea protein isolate (PPI) matrix. The results demonstrated that adding DCCNF and BE enhanced the PPI film's thermal stability, density, and UV barrier properties.

The complexity of heatwaves impact on terrestrial ecosystem carbon fluxes: Factors, mechanisms and a multi-stage analytical approach.

Extreme heatwaves have become more frequent and severe in recent decades, and are expected to significantly influence carbon fluxes at regional scales across global terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, accurate prediction of future heatwave impacts remains challenging due to a lack of a consistent comprehension of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. We approached this knowledge gap by analyzing the complexity factors in heatwave studies, including the methodology for determining heatwave events, divergent responses of individual ecosystem components at multiple ecological and temporal scales, and vegetation status and hydrothermal environment, among other factors.

Band Structure and Phonon Transport Engineering Realizing Remarkable Improvement in Thermoelectric Performance of CuSnSe Incorporated with InTe.

CuSnSe (CTS) ternary chalcogenides have potential applications in thermoelectrics for they crystallize in a high-symmetry cubic structure and consist of earth-abundant and eco-friendly elements. However, the pristine CTS does not have optimal thermoelectric (TE) performance (ZT = 0.35 at ∼700 K), so further investigation is required in this regard.

Extreme wet precipitation and mowing stimulate soil respiration in the Eurasian meadow steppe.

The imbalance of terrestrial carbon (C) inputs versus losses to extreme precipitation can have consequences for ecosystem carbon balances. However, the current understanding of how ecosystem processes will respond to predicted extreme dry and wet years is limited. The current study was conducted for three years field experiment to examine the effects of environmental variables and soil microbes on soil respiration (Rs), autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) under extreme wet and dry conditions in mowed and unmowed grassland of Inner Mongolia.

Heavy mowing enhances the effects of heat waves on grassland carbon and water fluxes.

Heat waves (HWs) are a type of extreme weather event that is of growing concern in the scientific community. Yet field data based on sound experiment on the variation of ecosystem CO levels under HWs remain rare. Additionally, ecosystems react to HWs and the coupled human activities (such as grazing in grasslands) are unknown.

Heat waves reduce ecosystem carbon sink strength in a Eurasian meadow steppe.

Background: As a consequence of global change, intensity and frequency of extreme events such as heat waves (HW) have been increasing worldwide.

Methods: By using a combination of continuous 60-year meteorological and 6-year tower-based carbon dioxide (CO2) flux measurements, we constructed a clear picture of a HWs effect on the dynamics of carbon, water, and vegetation on the Eurasian Songnen meadow steppe.

Results: The number of HWs in the Songnen meadow steppe began increasing since the 1980s and the rate of occurrence has advanced since the 2010s to higher than ever before.

Bauer ketones 23 and 24 from Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and cytokines in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages.

Among the nine Echinacea species, E. purpurea, E. angustifolia and E.

Reduction of Seed Dormancy in Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. by In-dark Seed Selection and Breeding.

Strong seed dormancy has been an obstacle for field production of Echinacea species. Previous research on overcoming Echinacea seed dormancy has been extensive and focused on treatment methods, which involve time and expense, and are incompatible with organic production if synthetic chemicals are used. We have attempted to genetically reduce seed dormancy through selection and breeding in Echinacea, by using E.

Variation in the Breeding System of Prunella vulgaris L.

Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae), commonly known as selfheal, is a perennial herb with a long history of use in traditional medicine. Recent studies have found that P. vulgaris possesses anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, and it is likely that this will lead to increased commercial demand for this species.

Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by aqueous extracts of Prunella vulgaris L.

Background: The mint family (Lamiaceae) produces a wide variety of constituents with medicinal properties. Several family members have been reported to have antiviral activity, including lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), sage (Salvia spp.

Analysis of Breeding Systems, Ploidy, and the Role of Hexaploids in Three Hypericum perforatum L. Populations.

Hexaploid seeds are produced by predominantly tetraploid populations of Hypericum perforatum, but the fate of hexaploid seedlings and their reproductive behavior have not been closely examined. We used flow cytometry to analyze single seeds and individual plant samples of three accessions of H. perforatum to determine ploidy levels and reproductive pathways.

Ethephon Promotes Germination of Echinacea angustifolia and E. pallida in Darkness.

Seeds from five lots each of Echinacea angustifolia DC, and E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.

Patterns of Variation in Alkamides and Cichoric Acid in Roots and Aboveground Parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.

We investigated patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid accumulation in the roots and aboveground parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. These phytochemicals were extracted from fresh plant parts with 60% ethanol and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.

Chromosome Karyotypes of Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia and E. purpurea.

Chromosome karyotypes of the most commonly cultivated and medicinally used Echinacea taxa, E. angustifolia DC. var.

Commercial Seed Lots Exhibit Reduced Seed Dormancy in Comparison to Wild Seed Lots of Echinacea purpurea.

Seed germination patterns were studied in E. purpurea (L.) Moench grouped by seed source, one group of seven lots from commercially cultivated populations and a second group of nine lots regenerated from ex situ conserved wild populations.

Macrophage activating effects of new alkamides from the roots of Echinacea species.

Chemical investigation of the roots of Echinacea angustifolia, E. purpurea, and E. pallida yielded two new alkamides, identified by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with reported alkamides.