Response of bacterial community metabolites to bacterial wilt caused by : a multi-omics analysis.

The soil microbial community plays a critical role in promoting robust plant growth and serves as an effective defence mechanism against root pathogens. Current research has focused on unravelling the compositions and functions of diverse microbial taxa in plant rhizospheres invaded by , however, the specific mechanisms by which key microbial groups with distinct functions exert their effects remain unclear. In this study, we employed a combination of amplicon sequencing and metabolomics analysis to investigate the principal metabolic mechanisms of key microbial taxa in plant rhizosphere soil.

The biosynthetic logic and enzymatic machinery of approved fungi-derived pharmaceuticals and agricultural biopesticides.

Covering: 2000 to 2023The kingdom Fungi has become a remarkably valuable source of structurally complex natural products (NPs) with diverse bioactivities. Since the revolutionary discovery and application of the antibiotic penicillin from , a number of fungi-derived NPs have been developed and approved into pharmaceuticals and pesticide agents using traditional "activity-guided" approaches. Although emerging genome mining algorithms and surrogate expression hosts have brought revolutionary approaches to NP discovery, the time and costs involved in developing these into new drugs can still be prohibitively high.

Aspertides A-E: Antimicrobial Pentadepsipeptides with a Unique -Methoxycinnamoyl Amide Group from the Marine Isolates MA-21 and SD-512.

Marine fungus-derived natural products are an important source of antimicrobial compounds against marine aquatic pathogens. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of five new pentadepsipeptides, aspertides A-E (-), containing a unique -methoxycinnamoyl amide group, from the marine fungi MA-21 and SD-512. Among them, aspertides B-E (-) also possessed uncommon amino acid residues, such as 3-hydroxyproline, 2,3-dihydroxyproline, or pipecolinic acid.

Unnatural activities and mechanistic insights of cytochrome P450 PikC gained from site-specific mutagenesis by non-canonical amino acids.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes play important roles in the biosynthesis of macrolide antibiotics by mediating a vast variety of regio- and stereoselective oxidative modifications, thus improving their chemical diversity, biological activities, and pharmaceutical properties. Tremendous efforts have been made on engineering the reactivity and selectivity of these useful biocatalysts. However, the 20 proteinogenic amino acids cannot always satisfy the requirement of site-directed/random mutagenesis and rational protein design of P450 enzymes.

Six New Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Deep-Sea Sediment-Derived Fungus SD-406.

Six new metabolites, including a pair of inseparable mixtures of secofumitremorgins A () and B (), which differed in the configuration of the nitrogen atom, 29-hydroxyfumiquinazoline C (), 10-15-methylpseurotin A (), 1,4,23-trihydroxy-hopane-22,30-diol (), and sphingofungin I (), together with six known compounds (- and -), were isolated and identified from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus SD-406. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis of NMR and MS data, chiral HPLC analysis of the acidic hydrolysate, X-ray crystallographic analysis, -based configuration analysis, and quantum chemical calculations of ECD, OR, and NMR (with DP4+ probability analysis). Among the compounds, / represent a pair of novel scaffolds derived from indole diketopiperazine by cleavage of the amide bond following aromatization to give a pyridine ring.

Two New Phenol Derivatives from the Cold Seep-Derived Fungus Aspergillus insuetus SD-512.

Two new phenol derivatives, namely insphenol A (1) and acetylpeniciphenol (2), along with seven known analogs (3-9), were isolated from the deep-sea cold seep-derived fungus, Aspergillus insuetus SD-512. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by extensive interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the combination of coupling constant analysis and acid hydrolysis.

Ophiobolin Sesterterpenoids and Farnesylated Phthalide Derivatives from the Deep Sea Cold-Seep-Derived Fungus SD-512.

Three new ophiobolin sesterterpenoids, (6)-16,17,21,21--tetrahydroophiobolin G (), (6)-16,17-dihydroophiobolin H (), and (5,6)-16,17-dihydroophiobolin H (), and three new farnesylated phthalide derivatives farnesylemefuranones D-F (-), along with five known ophiobolin analogues (-), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of SD-512, a deep-sea-derived fungus obtained from cold seep sediments collected at a depth of 1331 m. Among them, compounds - are rare examples of phthalide derivatives linked with farnesyl moieties via ether bonds. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed interpretation of the NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data.

New Antibacterial Thiodiketopiperazines from the Deep Sea Sediment-Derived Fungus Epicoccum nigrum SD-388.

Two new antibacterial thiodiketopiperazine derivatives (TDKPs), 7-dehydroxyepicoccin H and 7-hydroxyeutypellazine F, along with seven known TDKP analogs, were isolated and identified from Epicoccum nigrum SD-388, a deep-sea-sediment-derived fungus. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of 7-dehydroxyepicoccin H was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis, while 7-hydroxyeutypellazine F was determined by ECD experiment and TDDFT-ECD calculation.

A new steroid with 7β,8β-epoxidation from the deep sea-derived fungus SD-311.

7β,8β-epoxy-(22,24)-24-methylcholesta-4,22-diene-3,6-dione (), a new steroid, along with five known analogues (-), was isolated from the deep sea-derived fungus, SD-311. Strikingly, possessed a rare 7,8-epoxidation moiety. Meanwhile, this is the first time to report natural products from this fungus species.

Cytotoxic Thiodiketopiperazine Derivatives from the Deep Sea-Derived Fungus SD-388.

Four new thiodiketopiperazine alkaloids, namely, 5'-hydroxy-6'-ene-epicoccin G (), 7-methoxy-7'-hydroxyepicoccin G (), 8'-acetoxyepicoccin D (), and 7'-demethoxyrostratin C (), as well as a pair of new enantiomeric diketopiperazines, (±)-5-hydroxydiphenylalazine A (), along with five known analogues (-), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of SD-388, a fungus obtained from deep-sea sediments (-4500 m). Their structures were established on the basis of detailed interpretation of the NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the structures and established the absolute configurations of compounds -, while the absolute configurations for compounds and were determined by ECD calculations.

Stereochemical Elucidation of Natural Products from Residual Chemical Shift Anisotropies in a Liquid Crystalline Phase.

Determination of the stereochemistry of organic molecules still represents one of the major obstacles in the structure elucidation procedure in drug discovery. Although the application of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) has revolutionized this field, residual chemical shift anisotropies (RCSAs) which contain valuable structural information for nonprotonated carbons have only been scarcely employed so far. In this study, we present a simple but highly effective solution to extract RCSAs of the analytes in a liquid crystalline phase formed by AAKLVFF oligopeptides.

Two New Diketomorpholine Derivatives and a New Highly Conjugated Ergostane-Type Steroid from the Marine Algal-Derived Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus alabamensis EN-547.

Chemical investigation of the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus EN-547 resulted in the isolation of 4---shornephine A methyl ester () and 4---shornephine A carboxylic acid (), two new secondary metabolites having a rare diketomorpholine motif, and 28-acetoxy-12,15,25-trihydroxyergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (), a new highly conjugated ergostane-type steroid, together with four known metabolites (-). Their chemical structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of their NMR spectra, ECDs, HRESIMS, optical rotation, and X-ray crystallographic data, and by comparison with literature data as well. The antimicrobial activities of compounds - were evaluated.

Generally detected genes in comparative transcriptomics in bivalves: toward the identification of molecular markers of cellular stress response.

The specificity and representativeness of protein-coding genes identified by transcriptomics as biomarkers for environmental toxicological stress is crucial. We extracted the differential gene expression profile data from 49 published comparative transcriptomic studies of bivalves from January 2004 till November 2014 performed in 15 different bivalve species. Among the studies, 77 protein-coding genes were frequently detected when we use threefold of the average detection frequency as cut-off.