Efficacy of Psychosocial and Psychological Interventions in Addition to Drug Therapy to Improve Global Functioning of Inpatients with Schizophrenia Spectrum and Mood Disorders: A Real-World Observational Study.

Introduction And Aim: Psychotic and mood disorders are associated with significant functional impairment, premature mortality, physical morbidity, and great social and economic burden. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial, psychological, and rehabilitative interventions implemented in an Italian psychiatric inpatient facility, with a focus on patients with schizophrenia spectrum versus those with mood disorders.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the psychiatric hospital Villa Maria Pia in Rome, Italy, during 2022.

Gastrointestinal involvement in paediatric COVID-19 - from pathogenesis to clinical management: A comprehensive review.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is responsible for the first pandemic of the 21 century. As found in adults, signs and symptoms related to the disease mainly involve the respiratory tract in the paediatric population. However, a considerable number of children present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Long-term clinical and serological follow-up of paediatric patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.

Studies concerning Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in paediatrics are limited to children mainly selected from hospitals, where patients with complications and co-morbidities are managed. We aimed to describe the course of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a population of children enrolled by place of residence, from diagnosis to recovery, with a long-term clinical and serological follow-up. We identified patients aged <14 years old living in the Turin Health District 3 who had SARS-CoV-2 detected in at least one nasopharyngeal swab from 1st March to 1st June 2020.

Apparent Life-Threatening Events: Helping Infants Help Themselves.

Objectives: Apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) refers to a constellation of unexpected events suddenly occurring in infants that extremely alarm the observers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 1) intervention of Emergency Service (ES) at home, 2) parental behavior before ES intervention, 3) patients' outcome at follow-up of a minimum of 6 months.

Methods: Retrospective study of infants younger than 12 months whose parents called ES and were evaluated for ALTE from 2005 to 2014.

Creatin-kinase elevation after accidental ingestion of almotriptan in an 18-month-old girl.

Few studies have been published to demonstrate tolerability and efficacy of almotriptan in adolescents and children with migraine, particularly in the first years of life, though preliminary results are favorable. We report the case of an 18-month-old infant with elevation of serum levels of creatin-kinase after the accidental ingestion of almotriptan. A previously healthy 18-month-old girl (weight: 13 kg) was admitted to our Department four hours after the accidental ingestion of 6.

Quantitative ultrasound applied to metacarpal bone in infants.

Aim. To provide bone status assessment in infancy using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) applied to second metacarpus. Methods.

Ghrelin and obestatin in infants, lactating mothers and breast milk.

Aim: To investigate the role of ghrelin and obestatin in infancy.

Methods: We measured ghrelin and obestatin concentrations in blood samples of infants, lactating mothers, and in breast milk.

Results: The median (interquartile range) serum ghrelin concentrations were 922.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy: a troubling cutaneous presentation with a self-limiting course.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is an unusual form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with dramatic distinguishing skin lesions that occurs in infants ages 4 to 24 months old. The disease presents with skin eruptions that usually start with large (1-5 cm), symmetrically distributed, hemorrhagic lesions in a characteristic cockade pattern. The lesions are typically located on the lower extremities, face (in particular the ears, cheeks, and eyelids), and gluteal area.

Adiponectin in breast milk: relation to serum adiponectin concentration in lactating mothers and their infants.

Aims:   The aims of the study were to determine human breast milk adiponectin concentration and to investigate its relationship with serum adiponectin concentration in lactating mothers and their infants and also to evaluate the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and anthropometric parameters in nurses and infants.

Methods:   We enrolled 60 healthy term breastfed (BF) infants and their lactating mothers. Adiponectin was determined by radioimmunoassay test in serum and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test in human milk (HM).

Resistin and leptin in breast milk and infants in early life.

Background: The role of adipokines in early life is considered an emerging topic issue in nutritional researches.

Aims: To evaluate serum resistin and leptin concentrations and their relations in infants and in breast milk.

Study Design: We enrolled 41 term, AGA, healthy infants, of which 23 exclusively breast-fed (BF) and 18 formula-fed (FF), aged less than 6 months.

Ghrelin and feeding behaviour in preterm infants.

The importance of early life events in the development of metabolic diseases is well recognized. Early postnatal environment, including nutrition, is key to future health, and this is particularly true for preterm infants. It is important that these infants receive sufficient nutrients to prevent growth restriction and promote neurodevelopment, while minimizing predisposition to metabolic diseases later in life.

A case of severe allergic reaction to cooked potato.

Unlabelled: White potato is a very common ingredient in the diet of infants in Mediterranean countries, and in its cooked form, it is one of the first solid foods introduced, usually around the age of 4-6 months. Allergy to potato is uncommon, and allergic reactions to cooked potato have been reported only in children. We report a case of severe potato-induced allergic reaction in an 8-month-old infant with atopic dermatitis and multiple food allergies that raises questions about differential diagnosis between anaphylaxis and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES).

Assay of ghrelin concentration in infant formulas and breast milk.

Aim: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas.

Methods: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers.

Fulminant hepatitis after 10 days of acetaminophen treatment at recommended dosage in an infant.

Acetaminophen is considered a safe drug for children, although hepatotoxicity may develop after overdosing. Reports of liver failure after repeated therapeutic doses of the drug have been rare. Here we describe the case of an infant who developed acute liver failure after administration of acetaminophen for 10 days at a total dose of 720 mg/day (72 mg/kg per day).

Bone mineral status in breast-fed infants: influence of vitamin D supplementation.

Background/objectives: To assess bone status using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) applied to the second metacarpus and to evaluate the influence of vitamin D supplementation on bone mineralization in exclusively breast-fed infants.

Subjects/methods: Seventy seven healthy exclusively breast-fed infants aged < 12 months underwent QUS evaluation with QUS DBM Sonic Aurora IGEA (MO, Italy), which measures speed of sound (mcSoS) and bone transmission time (mcBTT). Z-scores for age and length were also considered.

Evaluation of leptin in breast milk, lactating mothers and their infants.

Background/objectives: Leptin is present in human milk, but it is not clear what the relationship between breast milk (BM) leptin levels and maternal and infant serum leptin concentrations is. The objective of this study was to evaluate the leptin concentration in BM and to investigate its relationship with infants' and mothers' anthropometric parameters and with serum leptin concentration in breast-fed (BF) infants and lactating mothers.

Subjects/methods: We enrolled 36 adequate for gestational age healthy, exclusively BF, term infants aged <6 months.

Adipokines in breast milk and preterm infants.

Studies have shown that the early life environment affects feeding behaviour, food intake and energy balance in later life, suggesting there is a link between foetal and infant growth and the risk of metabolic disorders in adulthood. Although there is an evident epidemiological association between low birth weight and adult-onset diseases, the incidence of metabolic diseases in adulthood among people who were born prematurely is still unknown. Considerable advances have been made during the last years in the scientific knowledge of the benefits of early nutrition, such as breastfeeding, on health and well-being later in life.

[Breast milk: biological constituents for health and well-being in infancy].

Many factors are involved in infants' health; one of the most important of them may be the kind of early feeding. Recent evidences suggest that breastfeeding, in addition to its well-established beneficial effects during lactation period, provides also beneficial long-term effects, like the protection against infectious and immune-related diseases, a better cognitive development, a decreased risk of metabolic syndrome and of obesity. It has been reported that the early feeding mode affects growth and body composition and it could be considered a critical factor for metabolic development.