Impact of Fluconazole Resistance on the Outcomes of Patients With Candida parapsilosis Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background: This study assesses the impact of fluconazole resistance on 30-day all-cause mortality and 1-year recurrence in patients with Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infections (BSI).

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was performed at 3 hospitals in Italy and Spain between 2018 and 2022. Adult patients with positive blood cultures for C.

Dissecting the role of the MS-ring protein FliF in Bacillus cereus flagella-related functions.

The flagellar MS-ring, uniquely constituted by FliF, is essential for flagellar biogenesis and functionality in several bacteria. The aim of this study was to dissect the role of FliF in the Gram-positive and peritrichously flagellated Bacillus cereus. We demonstrate that fliF forms an operon with the upstream gene fliE.

Anti-staphylococcal activity of a polyphenol-rich citrus extract: synergy with β-lactams and low proficiency to induce resistance.

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance represents one of the most significant threats to public health in the 21st century. Polyphenols, natural molecules with antibacterial activity produced by plants, are being considered as alternative antimicrobial strategies to manage infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of a polyphenol mixture extracted from citrus fruits, against both antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of and .

A rare case of primary cutaneous Nocardia vinacea in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and a review of the literature.

The nocardiae are a complex group of bacteria belonging to the aerobic saprophytes actinomycetes. Although nocardiosis typically occurs in immunocompromised patients, infection may occasionally develop in immunocompetent patients as well. Here we describe a rare case of primary cutaneous nocardiosis due to Nocardia vinacea in an immunocompetent 79-year-old patient.

Anti-Staphylococcal Biofilm Effects of a Liposome-Based Formulation Containing Citrus Polyphenols.

Biofilms are surface-associated microbial communities embedded in a matrix that is almost impenetrable to antibiotics, thus constituting a critical health threat. Biofilm formation on the cornea or ocular devices can lead to serious and difficult-to-treat infections. Nowadays, natural molecules with antimicrobial activity and liposome-based delivery systems are proposed as anti-biofilm candidates.

Hospital distribution, seasonality, time trends and antifungal susceptibility profiles of all Aspergillus species isolated from clinical samples from 2015 to 2022 in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Aspergillus species cause a variety of serious clinical conditions with increasing trend in antifungal resistance. The present study aimed at evaluating hospital epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of all isolates recorded in our clinical database since its implementation.

Methods: Data on date of isolation, biological samples, patients' age and sex, clinical settings, and antifungal susceptibility tests for all Aspergillus spp.

In Vitro Susceptibility Tests in the Context of Antifungal Resistance: Beyond Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in spp.

Antimicrobial resistance is a matter of rising concern, especially in fungal diseases. Multiple reports all over the world are highlighting a worrisome increase in azole- and echinocandin-resistance among fungal pathogens, especially in species, as reported in the recently published fungal pathogens priority list made by WHO. Despite continuous efforts and advances in infection control, development of new antifungal molecules, and research on molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance made by the scientific community, trends in invasive fungal diseases and associated antifungal resistance are on the rise, hindering therapeutic options and clinical cures.

Paradigm Shift: as the Most Prevalent Species Isolated from Bloodstream Infections with Increasing Azole-Non-Susceptibility Rates: Trends from 2015-2022 Survey.

Candidemia is the fourth most common healthcare-related bloodstream infection. In recent years, incidence rates of have been on the rise, with differences in prevalence and antifungal susceptibility between countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate temporal changes in prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of among other species causing candidemia.

Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms and Associated Epidemiology.

Fungal diseases cause millions of deaths per year worldwide. Antifungal resistance has become a matter of great concern in public health. In recent years rates of non- species have risen dramatically.

Analysis of the microbial content of probiotic products commercialized worldwide and survivability in conditions mimicking the human gut environment.

Introduction: Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Adequate number of living microbes, the presence of specific microorganisms, and their survival in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment are important to achieve desired health benefits of probiotic products. In this study, 21 leading probiotic formulations commercialized worldwide were evaluated for their microbial content and survivability in simulated GI conditions.

Corrigendum: Compositional quality and potential gastrointestinal behavior of probiotic products commercialized in Italy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.

Sensitization of KPC and NDM Klebsiella pneumoniae To Rifampicin by the Human Lactoferrin-Derived Peptide hLF1-11.

A synergistic effect of non-bactericidal concentrations of the human lactoferrin (hLF)-derived peptide hLF1-11 and rifampicin against multidrug-resistant KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase)-producing K. pneumoniae has been previously shown. The present study focuses on the mechanism(s) underlying this synergistic effect.

In vitro assessment of probiotic attributes for strains contained in commercial formulations.

Although probiotics are often indiscriminately prescribed, they are not equal and their effects on the host may profoundly differ. In vitro determination of the attributes of probiotics should be a primary concern and be performed even before clinical studies are designed. In fact, knowledge on the biological properties a microbe possesses is crucial for selecting the most suitable bacteriotherapy for each individual.

Rapid and Accurate Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Directly from Positive Primary MGIT Cultures by MALDI-TOF MS.

Over the last years, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have emerged as important human pathogens. Accurate and rapid mycobacterial species identification is needed to successfully diagnose, treat, and manage infections caused by NTM. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS, was demonstrated to effectively identify mycobacteria isolates subcultured from solid or liquid media rather than new positive cultures.

Synergistic Activity of the Human Lactoferricin-Derived Peptide hLF1-11 in Combination with Caspofungin against Species.

species are the main fungal opportunistic pathogens causing systemic infections that are often associated with drug resistance and biofilm production on medical devices. The pressing need for new antifungal agents led to an increased interest in the use of combination therapies. The present study was aimed at investigating potential synergistic activity of the human lactoferrin-derived hLF1-11 peptide with caspofungin against caspofungin-resistant or -susceptible C.

Comparison of different microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia on bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid.

Background: The current diagnostic gold standard for Pneumocystis jirovecii is represented by microscopic visualization of the fungus from clinical respiratory samples, as bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid, defining "proven" P. jirovecii pneumonia, whereas qPCR allows defining "probable" diagnosis, as it is unable to discriminate infection from colonization. However, molecular methods, such as end-point PCR and qPCR, are faster, easier to perform and interpret, thus allowing the laboratory to give back the clinician useful microbiological data in a shorter time.

Fatal fungemia by biofilm-producing in a liver transplant candidate.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is often associated with a dismal outcome. Infections might preclude access to liver transplantation (LT) for these patients, further reducing their chance of survival. We report the case of a patient with ACLF who died before LT for biofilm-producing fungemia.

TAS2R38 polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori infection and susceptibility to gastric cancer and premalignant gastric lesions.

Background: Gastric cancer is worldwide the fourth more common cancer type by incidence, and the third by mortality. We analyzed three missense variants of TAS2R38 gene: rs713598 (A49P), rs1726866 (V262A), and rs10246939 (I296V). These variants and their combination in haplotypes (proline, alanine and valine/tasters or alanine, valine and isoleucine/nontasters) and diplotypes are responsible for individual differences in bitter perception.

Spotlight on the Compositional Quality of Probiotic Formulations Marketed Worldwide.

On the worldwide market, a great number of probiotic formulations are available to consumers as drugs, dietary supplements, and functional foods. For exerting their beneficial effects on host health, these preparations should contain a sufficient amount of the indicated living microbes and be pathogen-free to be safe. Therefore, the contained microbial species and their amount until product expiry are required to be accurately reported on the labels.

Polymorphic variants in Sweet and Umami taste receptor genes and birthweight.

The first thousand days of life from conception have a significant impact on the health status with short, and long-term effects. Among several anthropometric and maternal lifestyle parameters birth weight plays a crucial role on the growth and neurological development of infants. Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated a robust foetal and maternal genetic background of birth weight, however only a small proportion of the genetic hereditability has been already identified.

Resistance and Evolution of Resistance to Tavaborole in Trichophyton rubrum.

Tavaborole is currently used in the topical treatment of onychomycosis. In this study, we analyzed the emergence/evolution of resistance against tavaborole in When strains were propagated on media containing the MIC of tavaborole, spontaneous resistant mutants were isolated at a frequency of 10 The frequency was almost 100-fold higher following fungal growth in the presence of a subinhibitory tavaborole concentration (0.5-fold the MIC) for 10 transfers.