Human beta-defensin-1 and -2 and matrix metalloproteinase-25 and -26 expression in chronic and aggressive periodontitis and in peri-implantitis.

Objective: Aberrant matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and human beta-defensin (HBD) functions have been found in inflammatory diseases. The objectives of this study were to investigate the immunolocalisation, mRNA expression and molecular forms of MMP-25, MMP-26, HBD-1 and HBD-2 in chronic and aggressive periodontitis and in peri-implantitis. The expression of MMP-25 by cultured human plasmacytoma cells and macrophages, and the effects of MMP-26 and Porphyromonas gingivalis trypsin-like proteinase on HBD-1 and -2 were also studied.

Myofibroblasts in healing laser excision wounds.

Background And Objective: The lack of myofibroblasts, cells responsible for wound contraction, has been suggested to be the underlying factor to the clinically observed minimal contraction in CO2 laser wounds. However, the histologic background to this phenomenon in laser excisions has not been thoroughly clarified. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of myofibroblasts in healing laser excisions and control excisions made by scalpel.

Effect of snuff and smoking on tenascin expression in oral mucosa.

We have shown, by using two monoclonal antibodies (143DB7 and 100EB2), that the expression of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin (Tn) is increased in the connective tissue of biopsies taken from snuff users' and tobacco smokers' oral mucosa. In normal oral mucosa Tn was seen to underlie the epithelium as a thin delicate band. The most increase in Tn reaction was observed in snuff users' mucosa while the immunoreaction in smokers' mucosa was less conspicuous.

Effect of snuff on cytokeratin expression in oral vestibular sulcus epithelium.

Differences in the expression of cytokeratins (CK) in specimens obtained from snuff-affected oral epithelium of the maxillary vestibular sulcus and clinically normal sulcular epithelium were studied by indirect immunofluorescence staining with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). CK 14, a marker of stratified squamous epithelium was not seen expressed in 3/11 of the snuff user's specimens. Terminal differentiation markers, typical of cornified epithelia (CK 1, 9, 10 and 11), were detected suprabasally in the snuff user's keratosis but not in the normal control epithelium.

Transformation of hydroxyapatite to fluorapatite by irradiation with high-energy CO2 laser.

High-energy laser irradiation has been shown to cause crystalline transformations in apatites, which may lead to the formation of tricalcium phosphates with a resulting decrease in acid resistance. Depending on the nature and energy density of laser irradiation used, however, an increase of acid resistance of dental enamel has also been reported after laser irradiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phase transformation of hydroxyapatite (HA) to fluorapatite (FA) in a model system that incorporates sodium fluoride (NaF) into apatite structure by using laser irradiation.

Tenascin expression in mucocutaneous diseases and related lesions of human oral mucosa.

The expression of tenascin was assessed immunohistochemically. In normal oral mucosa, immunoreactivity for tenascin was seen either as a delicate line underlining the epithelium or in the stromal papillae. In oral lichen planus, a marked enhancement of tenascin immunoreactivity in the lamina propria was associated with focal infiltrates of inflammatory cells and seemed to reflect the intensity of inflammation.

Lack of effect of hormonal treatment and smoking on cytokeratin expression in buccal mucosa.

Differences in cytokeratin expression of clinically normal buccal mucosa were studied in 50 healthy women by indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies. The subjects were divided into four groups: control group (N = 18), smokers (N = 8), oral contraceptive users (N = 8) and smokers receiving oral contraceptives (N = 16). Our findings indicate that cytokeratin expression in noncornified stratified epithelium is not influenced by smoking or oestradiol/progesterone treatment.

Distribution of tenascin in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma.

The distribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein tenascin (Tn) was studied in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma by using the monoclonal antibody (Mab) 143DB7. In normal buccal and palatal mucosa, in ventral tongue, in floor of mouth and in gingiva, immunoreaction for Tn was seen to be distributed as a continuous thin, delicate line merely in the basement membrane region. Hyperkeratosis without dysplasia showed a distinct zone of enhanced Tn immunoreactivity immediately beneath the epithelium.

Healing of rat mouth mucosa after irradiation with CO2, Nd:YAG, and CO2-Nd:YAG combination lasers.

The healing process of wounds made by a combination laser was studied in 90 rats. The laser system enabled both separate and combined use of CO2 and Nd:YAG laser irradiations. The laser wounds and the control excision wounds made by alligator forceps appeared on both sides of the tongue.

Distribution of tenascin in healing incision, excision and laser wounds.

The distribution of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein, tenascin, was studied in normal mucosa and during healing of scalpel incised or excised and CO2 laser-wounded rat tongue dorsal mucosa in 51 male Sprague-Dawley rats over a period of 21 days. A polyclonal antibody specific for tenascin was applied in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. In normal mucosa tenascin was sparsely distributed in a discontinuous manner at the tips of the connective tissue papillae in association with the basement membrane (BM) and in the walls of the capillaries.

Experience with a carbon dioxide laser for removal of benign oral soft-tissue lesions.

Fifty-six patients with 86 benign oral soft-tissue lesions were treated with CO2 laser surgery during a period of 48 months. The lesions removed included hyperplasias, papillomas, haemangiomas, mucoceles, lichen planus, fibromas, condylomas and lingual frenula. All clinical diagnoses except that of lingual frenulum were verified histopathologically.

Effects of carbon dioxide, Nd:YAG and carbon dioxide-Nd:YAG combination lasers at high energy densities on synthetic hydroxyaptite.

The aim of this study was to determine the crystalline structure and chemical alterations of synthetic hydroxyapatite after irradiation with either CO2, Nd:YAG or CO2-Nd:YAG combination lasers at high energy densities of 500-3,230 J.cm2. Further, dissolution kinetics of the lased material were analysed and compared with those of unlased apatite.

Irradiation of human dental tissues with CO2-, Nd:YAG-, and CO2-Nd:YAG combination laser.

Extracted third molars were used to study the effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation combined with CO2 laser beam on dental hard tissues. The specimens were studied with SEM after lasing and the size of the impact areas and beam penetration into enamel and dentin were planimetrically analyzed. High-energy CO2 laser (e.

Fibronectins in healing incision, excision and laser wounds.

The distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, fibronectins (FNs), was studied in healing scalpel incision, excision and laser wounds of rat tongue dorsal mucosa over a healing period of 42 days by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using mono- and polyclonal antibodies. A monoclonal antibody (Mab) DH1 was used to detect extradomain-A containing cellular fibronectin (ED-AcFN), and a polyclonal antiserum was utilized to recognize all forms of FNs. In normal tissue ED-AcFN was confined only to the endothelia of larger blood vessels whereas in healing wounds abundant immunoreactive deposits were found in regenerating connective tissue and endothelia of capillaries.

Oral focal epithelial hyperplasia removed with CO2 laser.

A case of oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) treated with CO2 laser surgery is presented. Histological diagnosis is discussed. The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 32 with the lesions is demonstrated with DNA in situ hybridization technique.

The use of CO2 laser surgery for removal of multiple oral epithelial hyperplasias.

This case report describes the use of CO2 laser surgery for removal of multiple oral epithelial hyperplasias. Up to now, the CO2 laser is the most widely used for laser treatment of lesions affecting the oral mucosa. It offers many advantages over conventional methods in the management of soft tissue lesions.

Myofibroblasts in healing laser wounds of rat tongue mucosa.

The distribution of myofibroblasts was studied in healing laser incisions compared with scalpel-incision and excision wounds in dorsal tongue mucosa and excision wounds in back skin. Myofibroblasts (m-f-b) were visualized by staining with NBD-phallacidin, a fluorescent probe specific for F-actin, and by electron microscopy. Few, randomly-orientated m-f-b were found in laser wounds over 28 days.

Extracellular matrix in healing CO2 laser incision wound.

Extracellular matrix components laminin, Type IV collagen, Type III collagen, and fibronectin, of laser-treated rat tongue mucosa were studied over a healing period of 28 days by using immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Their distribution and amount in laser wounds was compared with that in scalpel incisions and normal tongue mucosa. Laser treatment caused an extensive destruction of both epithelial and stromal cells but left much of the connective tissue matrix intact.

Healing of laser and scalpel incision wounds of rat tongue mucosa as studied with cytokeratin antibodies.

The healing process of laser- and scalpel-incision wounds of rat tongue mucosa was investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using a monoclonal cytokeratin antibody (PKK2) binding to low molecular weight keratins of basal keratinocytes, two antibodies reacting with suprabasal keratins and a monoclonal antibody reacting with desmosomes. The wounds were made parallel on both sides of the tongue in thirty animals. In normal tongue only the basal cell layer and the cells at the base of the rete ridges showed PKK2-positivity.

A comparative study of healing of laser and scalpel incision wounds in rat oral mucosa.

Capillary proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated in healing laser and scalpel incision wounds in rat tongue mucosa in 22 Sprague-Dawley rats for a period of 28 days. The incisions were made in parallel on both sides of the midline of the tongue. Specimens for immunohistochemical and histologic examination were taken immediately, 6 h, 2, 11, and 28 days after the surgery.