Seven weeks feeding of magnesium and fluoride modifies plasma lipids of hypercholesterolaemic rats in late growth phase.

Recent findings indicated that a low fluoride supplement, especially with a low magnesium supplement in the basically low magnesium diet of genetically hypercholesterolaemic male RICO rats, may prevent the generation of atherosclerotic serum lipid profile. In the present study, several plasma lipids/lipoproteins were measured in the same strain of rats after a later growth phase. The control group C was fed an adequate diet with 45 per cent sucrose plus some cholesterol while the dietary fluoride was very low (1.

Effects of dietary fluoride and magnesium supplements on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), calcium and magnesium levels in aorta of genetically hypercholesterolaemic RICO rats.

Previous observations have suggested that low intakes of fluoride prevent pathological calcifications of internal organs, including the aortic wall, in experimental animals, fed a basically low magnesium diet. Our group found recently that fluoride has some potentially preventive effect against atherosclerotic serum lipid profiles in genetically hypercholesterolaemic rats. To study whether the apparently positive potential of fluoride against atherosclerosis is also reflected in aortic tissue, through its well known activation of adenylate cyclase, the aortic cAMP content of the rats used in our recent study was determined.

High strontium addition to chlorhexidine-fluoride gel does not increase its caries-preventive effect in rats.

One hundred Osborne-Mendel rats were weaned at the age of 21 to 22 days, inoculated with Streptococcus mutans in the mouth, and fed a semisynthetic diet for the next 43 days. The control group received no treatment. The study groups received gel applications on their molars with placebo, chlorhexidine-fluoride (CXF), CXF plus 50 ppm Sr, or CXF plus 250 ppm Sr daily for the first 21 days of the experiment Although caries was significantly reduced by CXF and CXF plus 50 ppm Sr treatments, the Sr additive did not significantly improve the caries-preventive effect of CXF.

Serum lipoprotein levels in genetically hypercholesterolaemic RICO rats: effects of a high-sucrose-cholesterol diet without or with altered magnesium and fluoride content.

Genetically hypercholesterolaemic RICO rats (male, 6 weeks old) were randomly distributed into 6 experimental groups. The zero-time basal group A was sacrificed at the start of the experiment while the other groups were fed for 6 weeks and then sacrificed. Group B was fed a stock diet.

Chlorhexidine susceptibilities of mutans streptococcal serotypes and ribotypes.

The susceptibilities of 379 clinical mutans streptococcal isolates to chlorhexidine (CHX) were tested by agar dilution according to the standards of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Isolates were obtained from saliva samples of 34 young mothers who had high or moderate salivary levels of mutans streptococci at baseline. Samples were collected on three occasions, before childbirth, when each child was 6 months old, and 1 year later.

Fluoride and sugar intake among adults and youth in Mauritius: preliminary results.

The potential use of different vehicles for delivering fluoride to prevent dental caries has been discussed recently in Mauritius. Water fluoridation was found not to be feasible, and extending the fluoride tablet program would not be easy. Thus, sugar fluoridation as one possibility was considered.

Efficacy of chlorhexidine solution with fluoride varnishing in preventing enamel softening by Streptococcus mutans in an artificial mouth.

For study of the enamel-protective effect of chlorhexidine-fluoride applications, the labial surfaces of pieces of bovine incisors were treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, with Duraphat fluoride varnish, or with both of the above agents, while one group was treated with distilled water and one was left as an untreated control. Furthermore, a placebo varnish was used in the chlorhexidine- and distilled-water-treated groups; all the varnishes were removed after 24 h.

Dental caries and mutans streptococci in relation to plasma ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic acid (AA) affects in vitro growth of bacteria and may also act in vivo to decrease caries activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of AA level in plasma with number of caries lesions, relative numbers of some species of oral cariogenic flora, and rate of salivary secretion. The caries status and some bacteriologic variables of dentulous adult subjects with a low level of AA in the plasma (< or = 25 mumol/l; n = 75) were compared with those of controls (plasma level > or = 50 mumol/l; n = 75) matched for age, sex, and number of teeth.

Enamel dissolution in relation to fluoride concentrations in the fluid of dental plaque-like layers of precultured Streptococcus sobrinus.

Two experiments were conducted to find out what concentration of fluoride (F), when added as NaF to the fluid of an in vitro caries model, would be sufficient for full protection of the underlying enamel during a long (20 or 40 h) fall in 'plaque' pH. An existing caries model with bovine enamel and Streptococcus sobrinus 'plaque' was employed, while the fluid phase was initially either fully or partially saturated with tricalcium phosphate. In the model with fully saturated and more strongly buffered fluid, a 10 parts/10(6) addition of F to the fluid phase caused no inhibition of the pH fall.

The effect of different strontium concentrations on the efficacy of chlorhexidine-fluoride-strontium gel in preventing enamel softening in vitro.

The effects were compared of strontium concentrations of 0, 15, 50 and 250 parts/10(6) in chlorhexidine(0.20%)-fluoride(0.16%) gel in preventing the softening of bovine enamel during bacterial fermentation.

Chlorhexidine solutions, gels and varnishes in caries prevention.

To combat dental caries, a chemical has been sought that possesses stronger antimicrobial properties than fluoride in support of its physicochemical tooth-protecting properties. These searches have led to several agents, of which chlorhexidine (CH) appears most effective. To reduce local side effects of the well-known 0.

Effect of different glass ionomers on the acid production and electrolyte metabolism of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt.

In order to study the effects of different glass ionomers on the metabolism of Streptococcus mutans, test slabs of freshly mixed conventional glass ionomer (Fuji), silver glass ionomer (Ketac-Silver), composite (Silux), and 2-week-old Fuji were fitted into the bottom of a test tube. A plaque-like layer of S. mutans strain Ingbritt was centrifuged onto the test slabs, and the samples were incubated for 20 h in 1.

Effects of a chlorhexidine-fluoride-strontium rinsing program on caries, gingivitis and some salivary bacteria among Finnish schoolchildren.

In order to find out if it is possible to prevent caries and gingivitis by periodical use of chlorhexidine-fluoride mouthrinses with or without strontium, and to find out what effects they have on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts, a total of 243 schoolchildren aged 11 yr with high DMFS scores were randomly divided into four groups. One group (C) served as a basic control. Subjects in the second group (CXF) rinsed their mouths twice a day every third week with a rinsing solution containing 0.

Fluoride and mutans streptococci in plaque grown on glass ionomer and composite.

The aim of this study was to compare the levels of fluoride and mutans streptococci in plaque grown on glass ionomer (Ketac-Fil) and composite (Silar) restorations in vivo. From tunnels left under the brackets bonded either with glass ionomer or composite, 14-day-old plaque samples were collected 14, 28, and 42 days after bonding. For glass ionomer the mean counts of mutans streptococci in plaque were 0.

Experience and views of caries research and oral health.

The main clinical and theoretical studies on caries etiology and prevention and on general health published by the author and his coworkers since the beginning of the 1960s are briefly reviewed. Among the caries prevention methods published by previous authors, the Finnish trials on fissure sealing and fluoride varnishing showed distinct preventive effects. On the basis of these and later supporting findings, these methods were rapidly and widely adopted in the dental health care of Finnish children and adolescents.

A new method for studying the effect of glass ionomer on plaque in vivo.

In order to study the amount of fluoride originating from glass ionomer, a test appliance was constructed and set on upper molars of sixteen volunteers using glass ionomer. The control appliance was set on the contralateral tooth using composite. Six weeks after the setting of appliances, plaque samples were taken and analysed.

The LD50, excretion and serum and bone levels of F after a high single F and F + Mg dose in rats with findings on cardiac Ca and Mg.

The LD50 for fluoride was elevated from less than 60 mg F/kg body weight to 172 mg F/kg when magnesium (as MgCl2), equivalent to 3 times that of F, was administered by gavage 30 min after the F dose. A dose of 30 mg F/kg elevated the mean steady state of F in serum nearly 1.5-fold and in femoral bone nearly 2-fold when administered with or without the subsequent Mg dose and observed 24 h after the electrolyte dosages.

Protection by F, I, Sr, and combinations against fermentation attack by Streptococcus sobrinus artificial plaque on bovine enamel.

Labial surfaces of 64 bovine incisors (8 teeth/treatment) were subjected to 1-min treatment with (1) 500 ppm Sr, (2) 0.5% I2 plus 1% KI solution, (3) F varnish treatment (Duraphat) for 24 h, or (4) combined treatments. The treated teeth were incubated under an artificial Streptococcus sobrinus plaque for 10 days.

The role of magnesium in the aetiology and prevention of caries: some new findings and implications.

While some epidemiological studies seem to indicate that a high intake of magnesium should be associated with a low prevalence of dental caries, the results of experimental studies are mainly equivocal. Magnesium is probably not bound to the apatite lattice of dental enamel or dentine, or it is bound to a small degree only. It is mainly located in the hydration layer of the apatite crystallites.

Erosive effect of a sport drink mixture with and without addition of fluoride and magnesium on the molar teeth of rats.

A sport drink mixture (pH 3.2), either as such or supplemented with 15 ppm F or 38.5 ppm Mg or both, was given to Osborne-Mendel rats as the only liquid for 42 days.

Prevention of fissure caries in rats by dietary F supplement with and without topical application of F and Sr + F.

In our previous studies, combined dietary and topical fluoride have shown to be more effective than each alone. Moreover, supplementation of chlorhexidine-fluoride solution with Sr was beneficial for caries prevention in rats. In the present study, the caries-preventive effect of fluoride added to the diet plus F and/or Sr applications was studied in two experiments with rats.

Excretion, serum, bone and kidney levels of F in rats after a high single dose of F and Mg + F.

The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms by which Mg protects the organism against the acute toxic effects of F. A single dose of F (30 mg F/kg as NaF) was given to young rats by gastric gavage with or without a prior dose of Mg (as MgCl2) equivalent to the F dose given (groups MgF and F, respectively). Feces and urine, serum, femoral bone and kidney were sampled 24 h after the doses were administered.