[Effects of apple polyphenols on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats and its mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the effects of apple polyphenols on pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension and its mechanism.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control (Con) group, monocrotaline (MCT) group, apple polyphenol (APP) group,monocrotaline + apple polyphenol (MCT+APP) group. In Con group, rats received a subcutaneous injection of physical saline.

Molecular subtyping for Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated in Taiwan.

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 is an important pathogen these days. Outbreaks of its infection have been reported all over the world, in Australia, Canada, Japan, the United States, south Africa, and various countries in Europe. In the summer of 2001, the first clinical infection by E.