Effect of Text Messaging Parents of School-Aged Children on Outdoor Time to Control Myopia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Myopia in school-aged children is a public health issue worldwide; consequently, effective interventions to prevent onset and progression are required.

Objective: To investigate whether SMS text messages to parents increase light exposure and time outdoors in school-aged children and provide effective myopia control.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in China from May 2017 to May 2018, with participants observed for 3 years.

The performance of an integrated model including retinal information in predicting childhood hypertension.

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the association of an integrated model (composed of retinal arteriolar caliber, height, and sex) with blood pressure (BP) among a group of Chinese children, and assess the predictive value of the integrated model for childhood hypertension.

Methods: This study included 1460 candidates aged 12.634 ± 0.

Prevalence and risk factors of pseudomyopia in a Chinese children population: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Aims: To investigate the prevalence and predictors of pseudomyopia in Chinese children and its association with myopia progression.

Methods: A prospective, school-based, cohort study of 6- and 13-year-old children was conducted in Anyang, China. Pre-cycloplegic and post-cycloplegic autorefraction were performed at baseline and 1 year later.

Astigmatism and its components in 12-year-old Chinese children: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine prevalence of refractive (RA), corneal (CA) and internal astigmatism (IA), including variation with gender and spherical equivalent refraction (SE), in a population of 12-year-old Chinese children.

Methods: A total of 1783 students with a mean age of 12.7 years (range 10.

Cycloplegic refraction by 1% cyclopentolate in young adults: is it the gold standard? The Anyang University Students Eye Study (AUSES).

Aims: To document the difference between non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction and explore its associated factors in Chinese young adults.

Methods: A school-based study including 7971 undergraduates was conducted in Anyang, Henan Province, China. Cycloplegia was achieved with two drops of 1% cyclopentolate and 1 drop of Mydrin P (Tropicamide 0.

Association between blood pressure and retinal arteriolar and venular diameters in Chinese early adolescent children, and whether the association has gender difference: a cross-sectional study.

Background: To establish the independent association between blood pressure (BP) and retinal vascular caliber, especially the retinal venular caliber, in a population of 12-year-old Chinese children.

Methods: We have examined 1501 students in the 7th grade with mean age of 12.7 years.

Distribution and associations of intraocular pressure in 7- and 12-year-old Chinese children: The Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Purpose: To report the intraocular pressure (IOP) and its association with myopia and other factors in 7 and 12-year-old Chinese children.

Methods: All children participating in the Anyang Childhood Eye Study underwent non-contact tonometry as well as measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length, cycloplegic auto-refraction, blood pressure, height and weight. A questionnaire was used to collect other relevant information.

Effect of uncorrection versus full correction on myopia progression in 12-year-old children.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of no correction versus full correction on myopia progression in Chinese children over a period of 2 years.

Methods: Myopia was defined as cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) of ≤ -0.50 D.

Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and its association with refractive error in Chinese children: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Background: To report the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) in Chinese children and examine its association with refractive error, axial length (AL) and optic disc parameters.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 2893 seven-year-old children from 11 randomly selected primary schools in Anyang, central China.

Corneal Power, Anterior Segment Length and Lens Power in 14-year-old Chinese Children: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

To analyze the components of young Chinese eyes with special attention to differences in corneal power, anterior segment length and lens power. Cycloplegic refractions and ocular biometry with LENSTAR were used to calculate lens power with Bennett's method. Mean refraction and mean values for the ocular components of five different refractive groups were studied with ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffé tests.

Relative Peripheral Hyperopia Does Not Predict Development and Progression of Myopia in Children.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that relative peripheral hyperopia predicts development and progression of myopia.

Methods: Refraction along the horizontal visual field was measured under cycloplegia at visual field angles of 0°, ±15°, and ±30° at baseline, 1 and 2 years in over 1700 initially 7-year-old Chinese children, and at baseline and 1 year in over 1000 initially 14-year olds. One refraction classification for central refraction was "nonmyopia, myopia" (nM, M), consisting of nM greater than -0.

Near Work Related Parameters and Myopia in Chinese Children: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Purpose: To examine the associations of near work related parameters with spherical equivalent refraction and axial length in Chinese children.

Methods: A total of 1770 grade 7 students with mean age of 12.7 years were examined with cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length.

Efficacy, Safety and Acceptability of Orthokeratology on Slowing Axial Elongation in Myopic Children by Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy, safety and acceptability of a treatment group (Orthokeratology) to a control group (single vision Spectacles) on slowing axial elongation in children.

Methods: We searched studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library up to January 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. We pooled the mean differences between the Orthokeratology and Control groups for axial elongation and the OR for rates of adverse events and dropout.

Time Outdoors and Myopia Progression Over 2 Years in Chinese Children: The Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Purpose: To investigate whether time outdoors and a range of other activities are associated with change in spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length in Chinese children over a period of 2 years.

Methods: A total of 1997 children aged 12.7 ± 0.

Paraxial Schematic Eye Models for 7- and 14-Year-Old Chinese Children.

Purpose: To develop three-surface paraxial schematic eyes with different ages and sexes based on data for 7- and 14-year-old Chinese children from the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Methods: Six sets of paraxial schematic eyes, including 7-year-old eyes, 7-year-old male eyes, 7-year-old female eyes, 14-year-old eyes, 14-year-old male eyes, and 14-year-old female eyes, were developed. Both refraction-dependent and emmetropic eye models were developed, with the former using linear dependence of ocular parameters on refraction.

Effect of undercorrection on myopia progression in 12-year-old children.

Background: To prospectively observe the effects of undercorrection of myopia on myopia progression and axial elongation in a population of 12-year-old Chinese children.

Methods: A total of 2,267 children in the Anyang Childhood Eye Study were examined at baseline, and 1,769 were followed for 1 year. Ocular examinations included cycloplegic autorefraction, axial length, visual acuity, vertometry, and accommodative lag.

Distribution of ocular biometry in 7- and 14-year-old Chinese children.

Purpose: To describe distributions of ocular biometry and their associations with refraction in 7- and 14-year-old children in urban areas of Anyang, central China.

Methods: A total of 2271 grade 1 students aged 7.1 ± 0.

Efficacy of Chinese eye exercises on reducing accommodative lag in school-aged children: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Chinese eye exercises on reducing accommodative lag in children by a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial.

Methods: A total of 190 children aged 10 to 14 years with emmetropia to moderate myopia were included. They were randomly allocated to three groups: standard Chinese eye exercises group (trained for eye exercises by doctors of traditional Chinese medicine); sham point eye exercises group (instructed to massage on non-acupoints); and eyes closed group (asked to close their eyes without massage).

Peripheral refraction in 7- and 14-year-old children in central China: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the distribution of peripheral refraction, including astigmatism, in 7- and 14-year-old Chinese children.

Methods: 2134 7-year-old and 1780 14-year-old children were measured with cycloplegic central and horizontal peripheral refraction (15° and 30° at temporal and nasal visual fields).

Results: 7- and 14-year-old children included 9 and 594, respectively, with moderate and high myopia (≤-3.

Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in a population of 7th-grade junior high school students in Central China: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study (ACES).

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in 7th-grade junior high school students in central China.

Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling, 2363 7th-grade students were recruited from four junior high schools in Anyang city into the cross-sectional Anyang Childhood Eye Study (ACES). All students underwent visual acuity (VA), cycloplegic autorefraction, cover test, and ocular movement examinations.

Atropine slows myopia progression more in Asian than white children by meta-analysis.

Purpose: To conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of atropine in slowing myopia progression and to compare Asian and white children and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials and observational studies that assessed the effects of all concentrations of atropine in slowing myopia progression in children were searched from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to April 2013. Jadad scoring was used to evaluate the quality of RCTs, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for observational studies.

Design, methodology and baseline data of a school-based cohort study in Central China: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Purpose: To report the design, methods and baseline data of the Anyang Childhood Eye Study (ACES), aiming to determine the prevalence, incidence and risk factors of myopia and other ocular diseases in children in central China.

Methods: The ACES was a school-based cohort study conducted in Anyang city. Students have been examined and will be followed-up annually for 3-5 years.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in a population of 12-year-old children in central China measured by iVue-100 spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Purpose: To study the distribution of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in a population of 12-year-old children in central China using iVue-100 spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Twelve-year-old students (n = 2105) from four randomly selected middle schools in Anyang, China, participated in the study. Each child underwent ocular examinations, including optical biometry, cycloplegic autorefraction, and SD-OCT (iVue-100).