Biological therapy in Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disease. High proportions of patients with CRSwNP characterized by type 2 inflammation fail to gain adequate control with conventional medical and surgical approaches. The application of biologics in clinical practice and assessments of novel biologics in clinical trials are blooming in expectations to fulfill the unmet medical needs of patients with CRSwNP with type 2 inflammation.

GZMK-expressing CD8 T cells promote recurrent airway inflammatory diseases.

Inflammatory diseases are often chronic and recurrent, and current treatments do not typically remove underlying disease drivers. T cells participate in a wide range of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, Crohn's disease, oesophagitis and multiple sclerosis, and clonally expanded antigen-specific T cells may contribute to disease chronicity and recurrence, in part by forming persistent pathogenic memory. Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma are inflammatory airway diseases that often present as comorbidities.

Macrophages overexpressing interleukin-10 target and prevent atherosclerosis: Regression of plaque formation and reduction in necrotic core.

Atherosclerosis, a slowly progressing inflammatory disease, is characterized by the presence of monocyte-derived macrophages. Interventions targeting the inflammatory characteristics of atherosclerosis hold promising potential. Although interleukin (IL)-10 is widely acknowledged for its anti-inflammatory effects, systemic administration of IL-10 has limitations due to its short half-life and significant systemic side effects.

Predicting the effectiveness of omalizumab in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps comorbid with asthma based on inflammatory biomarkers.

Background: The treatment of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) with omalizumab has been well studied based on clinical evaluation. Nevertheless, ideal quantitative or qualitative biomarkers for predicting a different response to biologics urgently need to be explored. We aim to identify potential biomarkers for predicting a good or poor response in patients with refractory CRSwNP.

Total immunoglobulin E levels in induced sputum reflect asthma control status.

Background: Most patients with severe asthma are sensitized to at least one allergen. Whether local immunoglobulin E (IgE) in induced sputum reflects asthma control status has not been investigated.

Methods: Patients with asthma were classified as well controlled, partly controlled, and uncontrolled asthma (UCA) according to Global Initiative for Asthma 2022 guidelines.

A randomized comparison of bencycloquidium bromide, mometasone furoate and a combination for persistent allergic rhinitis.

Background: Moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) poses a substantial socioeconomic burden.

Objectives: We aimed to establish the superiority of bencycloquidium bromide (BCQB) nasal spray and BCQB combined with mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) over MFNS alone in adults with moderate-to-severe persistent AR.

Methods: In this multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial (NCT05038202), adults with moderate-to-severe persistent AR were randomly assigned to receive the BCQB, MFNS, or a combination treatment, for 4-week periods.

TRIM23 promotes 5-Fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer by upregulating GALNT4 expression.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most common chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal cancer (CRC), but its application is often limited by resistance. Tripartite motif containing 23 (TRIM23) has been reported to be dysregulated in various tumors and involved in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance. However, its relationship with CRC 5-FU resistance and the underlying mechanism are still unclear.

Risk and protective factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in allergic rhinitis patients: a national survey in China.

Background: Several epidemiological studies have shown that allergic rhinitis (AR) patients are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: We aim to investigate the risk factors for COVID-19 in AR patients.

Methods: A retrospective nationwide cohort study was conducted based on a questionnaire survey in China.

M2 macrophage derived HMOX1 defines chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Molecular signatures of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) related to macrophages remain unclear. This study aimed to develop a macrophage-associated diagnostic signature for CRSwNP.

Methods: Transcriptome data from 54 patients with CRSwNP and 37 healthy controls across GSE136825, GSE36830, and GSE72713 were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups.

Integrated lipidomics and microbiomics reveal the quality changes of fresh yak tenderloin during storage.

The changes in lipid and microbial during beef storage exert a substantial impact on the overall quality of beef. In this study, lipidomics and microbiomics were used to evaluate the effects of chilled storage (at 4 °C, CS) and superchilled storage (at -2 °C, SS) on the quality of yak tenderloin. The data revealed that TG, PS, PI, PE, and Car are the key factors contributing to the generation of undesirable odor during the storage of tenderloin.

Cost-utility and clinical outcome analysis of surgery or oral corticosteroids treatment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Surgery and oral corticosteroids are recommended therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients who are nonresponsive to intranasal corticosteroid treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these 2 treatments in terms of improving sinus-related symptoms, enhancing quality of life, and economic costs and duration costs.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled CRSwNP patients.

The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases.

The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, over 350,000 new chemical substances have been introduced to the lives of humans. In recent years, the epithelial barrier theory came to light explaining the growing prevalence and exacerbations of these diseases worldwide.

Protocol for generating human CAR-engineered macrophages by Vpx-containing lentivirus.

Human-derived macrophages are notoriously difficult to infect with HIV-1-based lentiviruses, posing a limitation to the advancement of chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M) therapy. Here, we present a protocol for generating human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered macrophages using the viral protein Vpx (encoded by the Sooty Mangabey simian immunodeficiency virus [SIV] and HIV-2 lineages) incorporated into the lentivirus vector, which enhances infection efficiency. We describe steps for cell cultivation, lentivirus production, concentration, infection procedures, and efficiency assessments.

IL-10: the master immunomodulatory cytokine in allergen immunotherapy.

Introduction: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for patients with IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Successful AIT can induce long-term immune tolerance to the common allergen, which provides clinical benefits for years after discontinuation. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, as a key anti-inflammatory mediator with strong immunoregulatory functions, has drawn increasing attention over the past decades.

Twenty-five years: The fexofenadine clinical experience.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and urticaria affect a sizable portion of the population worldwide, resulting in reduced quality-of-life and productivity and increased healthcare costs. Fexofenadine (FEX) is a non-sedating second-generation H antihistamine with pronounced efficacy and a very good safety profile, used for the treatment of allergic diseases. In addition to its antihistaminic properties, FEX also has anti-inflammatory effects.

Effect of cooking methods on flavor profiles of Xuanwei Ham: Analytical insights into aromatic composition and sensory attributes.

To examine flavor variations in Xuanwei ham due to different cooking methods, we selected one-year cured Xuanwei ham and applied four techniques: dry frying (DF), baking (BA), steaming (ST), and boiling (BO). Organoleptic evaluation revealed ST received the highest overall sensory score. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the total nucleotide content was significantly different ( < 0.

Anti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody (CM310) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CROWNS-2): Rationale and design of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disease that affects a large proportion of the global population. The treatment of CRSwNP, especially eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP), has always been of great obstacle. Our previous phase 2 trial showed that CM310, a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-4 receptor alpha, was both safe and effective in reducing the size of nasal polyps, improving symptom scores, and increasing the quality of life for those with severe ECRSwNP.