Economic Evaluation of Adding Daratumumab to Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of adding daratumumab to carfilzomib and dexamethasone (KdD) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).

Materials And Methods: A Markov model was established to estimate health and economic outcomes of carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Kd) with or without daratumumab for RRMM patients over a lifetime horizon. The patients and intervention of the two arms were modeled according to the CANDOR trial.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease with or without type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine cardiovascular and kidney benefits and harms of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors stratified by risk in adults with chronic kidney disease regardless of diabetes status.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central from database inception to 15 June 2024.

Long-term health related quality of life in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors: a single-centre, cross-sectional study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life of adult survivors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and identify the factors influencing their long-term outcomes. The findings are intended to provide a reference for optimizing post-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation care.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 106 adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors.

Neural-network enhanced adaptive design for ultrathin single-substrate transmissive wide-band optimized polarization converters.

A neural-network enhanced adaptive design for ultrathin, single-substrate polarization converters optimized for wideband transmission is proposed. This research utilizes machine learning to tackle the inverse design challenge, aiming for customizable relative bandwidths of polarization conversion up to 20%. The design incorporates only a dielectric layer surrounded by two metallic layers.

All-fiber quantum relaxometry for biochemical sensing based on diamond NV centers.

The longitudinal relaxation time (termed as T) of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamonds can be affected by surface electric or magnetic noise, which has been exploited to develop cutting-edge quantum relaxometry for biochemical sensing. In this work, a tiny all-fiber quantum probe based on longitudinal relaxometry was developed by chemically-anchoring nanodiamonds on the surface of a cone fiber tip. The dependences of T on surface electric and magnetic noise were discussed in theories first and then experimentally demonstrated in varied pH and Gd concentration solutions, respectively.

Preschool age-specific obesity and later-life kidney health: a Mendelian randomization and colocalization study.

Objectives: While the association between obesity and kidney diseases has been found in previous studies, the relationship between preschool-age obesity and later-life kidney health remains unclear, posing challenges for effective interventions in this critical life period.

Methods: Utilizing the hitherto largest genome-wide association studies, we conducted two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the association of preschool age-specific obesity on kidney health and diseases, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), eGFRcrea, eGFRcys, chronic kidney disease (CKD), IgA nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. Then, we applied multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) and stepwise MR to elucidate the role of adult obesity and 12 other potential factors in the pathway between preschool age-specific obesity and kidney health.

Off-policy reinforcement-learning-based fault-tolerant H control for topside separation systems with time-varying uncertainties.

The topside separation system plays a pivotal role in the treatment of produced water within offshore oil and gas production operations. Due to high-humidity and salt-infested marine environments, topside separation systems are susceptible to dynamic model variations and valve faults. In this work, fault-tolerant control (FTC) of topside separation systems subject to structural uncertainties and slugging disturbances is studied.

Evaluating safety and efficacy of plastic versus metal stenting in malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Stenting malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) is challenging due to its complex structure, and it is less effective than blockages in the distal bile duct area. Plastic stents (PSs) and metal stents (MSs) are commonly used for stenting MHBO. This study aims to compare the outcomes of PSs and MSs in MHBO patients.

Cadmium and polyvinyl chloride microplastics induce mitochondrial damage and apoptosis under oxidative stress in duck kidney.

Polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) and Cadmium (Cd) are widely occurring water pollutants that interact with each other to exert toxic effects. As a waterfowl, Muscovy duck is more susceptible to PVC-MPs and Cd than land poultry. In this study, Muscovy duck was used as a research model, and 10 mg/L PVC-MPs and 50 mg/kg Cd were used alone and in combine to explore the effect on the kidney of Muscovy duck.

MAFB-mediated CEBPA regulated human urothelium growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

MAFB is essential for regulating male-type urethral differentiation, and especially, its variation can contribute to hypospadias in mice. However, the potential mechanism is still unclear. Here we observed that the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor MAFB and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) could promote human urothelium SV-HUC-1 growth.

The effect and safety of corticosteroid treatment for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: There is ongoing debate on the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid therapy for severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP). Our aim was to investigate the safety and therapeutic effectiveness of corticosteroids in the sCAP therapy.

Methods: Electronic databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase) were searched from inception to January 10, 2024.

Liver X receptor unlinks intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis.

Uncontrolled regeneration leads to neoplastic transformation. The intestinal epithelium requires precise regulation during continuous homeostatic and damage-induced tissue renewal to prevent neoplastic transformation, suggesting that pathways unlinking tumour growth from regenerative processes must exist. Here, by mining RNA-sequencing datasets from two intestinal damage models and using pharmacological, transcriptomics and genetic tools, we identified liver X receptor (LXR) pathway activation as a tissue adaptation to damage that reciprocally regulates intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis.

Arginine methylation-dependent TRIM47 stability mediated by CARM1 promotes the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family has been shown to play important roles in the occurrence and development of various tumors. However, the biological functions of TRIM47 and its regulatory mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unexplored. Here, we showed that TRIM47 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, especially at advanced stages, and associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.

Increased thermal stability and catalytic efficiency of 3-ketosteroid Δ-dehydrogenase5 from Arthrobacter simplex significantly reduces enzyme dosage in prednisone acetate biosynthesis.

The 3-ketosteroid-Δ-dehydrogenase5 (KsdD) from Arthrobacter simplex converts cortisone acetate to prednisone acetate, an important step in steroid catabolism. To achieve sustainable and efficient enzyme production, we employed computer-aided screening, structural analysis, and combinatorial experiments to identify engineered KsdD variants (M1 and M3) with dual advantages of stability and active sites. M1 had a 8.

Maltodextrin vitamin E succinate: A novel antioxidant emulsifier for formulating functional nanoemulsions.

A new multifunctional emulsifier was synthesized by coupling maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent of 19 to vitamin E succinate. Two emulsifiers with varying degrees of vitamin E succinate substitution were prepared based on different mass ratios of vitamin E succinate to maltodextrin. The molecular structure and purity of these emulsifiers were analyzed.

Ivermectin induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in Haemonchus contortus.

Haemonchus contortus poses a severe threat to livestock, leading to substantial economic losses. The extensive use of ivermectin (IVM), an effective anthelmintic drug, has resulted in the development of resistant strains, reducing the drug's effectiveness and making disease management more challenging. Hence, understanding the underlying mechanisms of IVM resistance is crucial.

Corrigendum: Association between amoxicillin administration and outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.

Clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer with occult pathologic N1 and N2 disease after segmentectomy: does a completion lobectomy justify?

Objectives: When final pathology shows pathologic N1 or N2 disease after a pulmonary segmentectomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), completion of lobectomy could be considered and recommended as an option for treatment. We explored outcomes after segmentectomy for clinical stage IA NSCLC with occult pN1 or pN2 disease.

Methods: We identified clinical stage IA NSCLC undergoing segmentectomy or lobectomy from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2010 and 2020.

Structural characteristics and potential antidepressant mechanism of a water-insoluble β-1,3-glucan from an edible fungus Wolfiporia cocos.

A water-insoluble β-1,3-glucan (Wβ) with a molecular weight of 8.12 × 10 Da was extracted from an edible fungus Wolfiporia cocos. Its backbone was composed of 1,3-β-linked Glcp branched at the C-2, C-4, and C-6 positions, connecting more 1,3-β-linked Glcp with a triple helical structure.

Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescent Eating Disorders' Symptoms: A Moderated Mediation Model of Social Anxiety and Physical Activity.

Background: Childhood maltreatment contributes to an increased risk of eating disorders in adolescents. However, less is known regarding the underlying mechanism between childhood maltreatment and eating disorders' symptoms. This study tested the mediation effect of social anxiety in the association between childhood maltreatment and eating disorders' symptoms and whether this mediation was moderated by physical activity.

Evaluating the efficacy of curcumin in the management of oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) not only harbour the risk of malignant transformation but can also affect patients' quality of life owing to severe symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies to improve patients' quality of life. The objective of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively assess the efficacy of curcumin in the management of OPMDs.