Calculating the Number of Pregnant Women Receiving Standardized Services for PMTCT of HIV in Liangshan Prefecture, Based on the Equivalent Method.

Objective: To calculate the number of pregnant women who receive standardized prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services for HIV annually.

Methods: HIV-positive pregnant women in six counties of Liangshan Prefecture in 2017 were selected as study subjects. The entire process, from when the subjects first received the PMTCT of HIV services to the end, was divided into four stages, which were further divided into 25 phases.

Vaccine-derived poliovirus surveillance in China during 2001-2013: the potential challenge for maintaining polio free status.

Background: The goal of polio eradication is to complete elimination and containment of all wild, vaccine-related and Sabin polioviruses. Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) surveillance in China from 2001-2013 is summarized in this report, which has important implications for the global polio eradication initiative.

Methods: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases and their contacts with VDPVs isolated from fecal specimens were identified in our AFP surveillance system or by field investigation.

Impact of Influenza on Outpatient Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths by Using a Time Series Poisson Generalized Additive Model.

Background: The disease burden associated with influenza in developing tropical and subtropical countries is poorly understood owing to the lack of a comprehensive disease surveillance system and information-exchange mechanisms. The impact of influenza on outpatient visits, hospital admissions, and deaths has not been fully demonstrated to date in south China.

Methods: A time series Poisson generalized additive model was used to quantitatively assess influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza disease burden by using influenza surveillance data in Zhuhai City from 2007 to 2009, combined with the outpatient, inpatient, and respiratory disease mortality data of the same period.

An outbreak following importation of wild poliovirus in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, 2011.

Background: After more than 10 years without a case of wild poliovirus (WPV) in China, an outbreak occurred in 2011 in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

Methods: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case surveillance was strengthened with epidemiological investigations and specimen collection and serological surveys were conducted among hospitalized patients.

Results: There were 21 WPV cases and 23 clinical compatible polio cases reported.

Cross-border collaboration between China and Myanmar for emergency response to imported vaccine derived poliovirus case.

Background: This report describes emergency response following an imported vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPV) case from Myanmar to Yunnan Province, China and the cross-border collaboration between China and Myanmar. Immediately after confirmation of the VDPV case, China disseminated related information to Myanmar with the assistance of the World Health Organization.

Methods: A series of epidemiological investigations were conducted, both in China and Myanmar, including retrospective searches of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) coverage assessment, and investigation of contacts and healthy children.

An outbreak of type π vaccine-derived poliovirus in Sichuan province, China: emergence and circulation in an under-immunized population.

Background: During August 2011-February 2012, an outbreak of type Π circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPVs) occurred in Sichuan Province, China.

Methods: A field investigation of the outbreak was conducted to characterize outbreak isolates and to guide emergency response. Sequence analysis of poliovirus capsid protein VP1 was performed to determine the viral propagation, and a coverage survey was carried out for risk assessment.

Poliomyelitis eradication in China: 1953-2012.

Background: Poliomyelitis has historically been endemic in China and has been considered an important cause of disability and death.

Methods: We reviewed strategies and measures of poliomyelitis control and eradication from 1953 to 2012. Data from notifiable disease and routine immunization reporting systems and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance were analyzed.

Sero-survey of polio antibodies during wild poliovirus outbreak in southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Background: After being polio free for more than 10 years, an outbreak following importation of wild poliovirus (WPV) was confirmed in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, in 2011.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted prior to supplementary immunization activities (SIAs), immediately after the confirmation of the WPV outbreak. In selected prefectures, participants aged ≤ 60 years old who visited hospitals at county-level or above to have their blood drawn for reasons not related to the study, were invited to participate in our study.

Enhanced surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis following importation of wild poliovirus in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Background: After being polio free for more than 10 years, an outbreak occurred in China in 2011 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) following the importation of wild poliovirus (WPV) originating from neighboring Pakistan.

Methods: To strengthen acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Xinjiang, "zero case daily reporting" and retrospective searching of AFP cases were initiated after the confirmation of the WPV outbreak. To pinpoint all the polio cases in time, AFP surveillance system was expanded to include persons of all ages in the entire population in Xinjiang.

[The method and efficacy for screening neonatal tetanus in high risk areas in China].

Objectives: To establish a method for screening neonatal tetanus (NT) in high risk areas in China using multi-sources data.

Methods: We adopted six NT-related indicators from National Notifiable Disease Report System (NNDRS) and National Maternal and Child Health Annual Report System, to calculate weighted high-risk score at prefecture level in 2010 and 2011. And we selected the top 30 high risk cities, and compared the scores with the actual NT incidence ranking and WHO scoring.

Circulating serum trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is dramatically increased in chronic kidney disease.

Objectives: Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a small peptide that plays an important role in mucosal protection, cell proliferation, and cell migration. The aberrant expression of TFF3 is correlated with gastrointestinal inflammation, solid tumors, and other clinical diseases. The objective of this study was to identify the distribution characteristics of serum TFF3 in common clinical diseases.

Identification and control of a poliomyelitis outbreak in Xinjiang, China.

Background: The last case of infection with wild-type poliovirus indigenous to China was reported in 1994, and China was certified as a poliomyelitis-free region in 2000. In 2011, an outbreak of infection with imported wild-type poliovirus occurred in the province of Xinjiang.

Methods: We conducted an investigation to guide the response to the outbreak, performed sequence analysis of the poliovirus type 1 capsid protein VP1 to determine the source, and carried out serologic and coverage surveys to assess the risk of viral propagation.

Mumps-containing vaccine effectiveness during outbreaks in two schools in Guangdong, China, 2012.

Introduction: Mumps-containing vaccine was licensed in the 1990s in China with a single dose administered routinely to children aged 18-24 months since 2008. However, an increase in reported mumps cases during the period 2009 to 2012 casts doubt on the effectiveness of a single-dose mumps vaccination. In March 2012, large numbers of mumps cases in a day-care centre and primary school in Guangdong Province were investigated to estimate the effectiveness of mumps-containing vaccine.

Seroprevalence of antipolio antibodies among children <15 years of age in border provinces in China.

Despite remarkable progression toward polio eradication worldwide, wild poliovirus (WPV) importation has been a great challenge for China, as it shares borders with countries where WPV is endemic. The objective of this study was to estimate poliovirus antibody seroprevalence among children <15 years of age in 3 border provinces (Yunnan Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) in China. A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was undertaken in 3 border provinces in 2010.

[A sero-epidemiological study on hepatitis C in China].

Objective: To better understand and measure the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we conducted a sero-epidemiological study using the remaining blood samples and data of the nationwide survey of hepatitis B in Chinese residents which was carried out in 2006.

Methods: The anti-HCV reagent was screened out from the reagents by the HCV infection blood serum plate with anti-HCV positives or negatives. This plate recognized the Murex 3.

Genotype v Japanese encephalitis virus is emerging.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a global public health issue that has spread widely to more than 20 countries in Asia and has extended its geographic range to the south Pacific region including Australia. JE has become the most important cause of viral encephalitis in the world. Japanese encephalitis viruses (JEV) are divided into five genotypes, based on the nucleotide sequence of the envelope (E) gene.

Safety of influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in postmarketing surveillance in China.

Background: On September 21, 2009, China began administering vaccines, obtained from 10 different manufacturers, against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in priority populations. We aimed to assess the safety of this vaccination program.

Methods: We designed a plan for passive surveillance for adverse events after immunization with the influenza A (H1N1) vaccine.

[Meta-analysis on serological effect of the primary vaccination for Japanese encephalitis of the literatures].

Objectives: To summary and compare the different seroconversion rates after the primary vaccination for the Japanese encephalitis (JE), and to evaluate the serological effect of 3 kinds of JE vaccines.

Method: Searching "CHKD", "Wanfang" database and "EMCC" databases, the studies of the immunogenicity after the primary JEV vaccination, all randomized controlled trials or non-randomized controlled trials were included, and statistical analysis were made by RevMan 4.2.

[Progress on rubella control and immunization strategies].

Rubella is one of the global public health problems, and the main harm is CRS which derives from pregnant women that infected rubella virus in the first pregnant periods. CRS could cause great economic burden to society. In order to decrease the incidence of Rubella and CRS, China has integrated MMR into Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2007.

[Epidemiological analysis of imported cases of dengue fever in Guangdong province and Hong Kong during 2004-2006 in China].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported cases of dengue fever in Guangdong province (GD) and in Hong Kong (HK) during 2004-2006 to provide evidence for further cooperation in the prevention and control programs on dengue fever in the two places.

Methods: Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on data obtained from dengue fever surveillance and reporting network in GD and from Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, HK.

Results: Both from GD and HK 44 and 93 imported cases of Dengue fever were reported during 2004-2006.

[Identifying group G beta-hemolytic Streptococci strains by 16S rDNA sequencing].

Objective: To identify the DNA sequences of 26 beta-hemolytic group G streptococci strains isolated from the swabs of patients in a glomerulonephritis outbreak event.

Methods: API20 Strep system and 16S rDNA sequencing were performed on all of the 26 isolated strains respectively. The dendrogram based on the analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences of four groups of G streptococci strains was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and boot-strap test.

[Study on the dynamic prevalence of serum antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in employees from wild animal market in Guangzhou].

Objective: To investigate the dynamic trend of specific antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV in serum collected at various periods among employees in Guangzhou Xinyuan animal market.

Methods: Volunteers from employees of the animal market were recruited and their serum specific antibody against SARS-CoV were determined by enzyme linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results: Positive SARS-CoV specific IgG antibody was found 25.