Efficacy and Safety of Atezolizumab in Chinese Patients With Advanced Thymic Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Single-Arm Phase 2 Study.

Introduction: There are limited treatment options for thymic carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab for the treatment of advanced thymic carcinoma after failure with prior systemic therapy.

Patients And Methods: Patients aged ≥ 18 years with advanced thymic carcinoma after failure with prior systemic therapy were enrolled at 10 medical centers in China.

Baicalein relieves lung graft ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing advanced glycation endproducts: From screens to mechanisms.

Background: The lack of effective drugs for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in lung transplants (LTx) remains an issue. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ingredients are promising but poorly studied in LTx. This study aimed to identify potential ingredients and elucidate their mechanisms.

Serine starvation suppresses the progression of esophageal cancer by regulating the synthesis of purine nucleotides and NADPH.

Serine metabolism provides important metabolic intermediates that support the rapid proliferation of tumor cells. However, the role of serine metabolism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that serine starvation predominantly inhibits ESCC cell proliferation by suppressing purine nucleotides and NADPH synthesis.

Lipid-lowering drug targets associated with risk of respiratory disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have identified a possible connection between lipid-lowering medications and respiratory illnesses. However, it remains unclear whether lipid-lowering drugs is causative for respiratory diseases, and we aimed to answer this question.

Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses by integrating data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Global Trends of Early, Middle, and Late-Onset Lung Cancer From 1990 to 2021: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Although the global burden of lung cancer has generally declined in recent decades, the variation in onset age-related trends remains insufficiently explored. In the current study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the most update temporal trends in incidence, mortality and DALYs of early, middle, and late-onset lung cancer (EOLC, MOLC, and LOLC) from 1990 to 2021, with stratifications of gender, location, and socio-demographic development.

Methods: We retrieved cross-sectional data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021.

Prophylactic fiberoptic bronchoscopy after sleeve lobectomy can reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumonia: a propensity score matching study.

Background: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) predicts poor outcomes after lung surgery, especially for patients undergoing sleeve lobectomy. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is frequently used in the treatment of POP for patients receiving sleeve lobectomy. This study aimed to assess the effect of prophylactic FOB on the incidence of POP in these patients.

Validation of T stage classification strategy for >2 cm ground-glass opacity non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The Lung Cancer Staging Program of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has proposed using solid component size, rather than overall tumor size, for T-staging. However, studies focusing on patients with ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions with a diameter larger than 2 cm are limited. This study aims to validate the T stage classification strategy recommended by IASLC in this specific and less-studied patient group.

Evolutionary study and structural basis of proton sensing by Mus GPR4 and Xenopus GPR4.

Animals have evolved pH-sensing membrane receptors, such as G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4), to monitor pH changes related to their physiology and generate adaptive reactions. However, the evolutionary trajectory and structural mechanism of proton sensing by GPR4 remain unresolved. Here, we observed a positive correlation between the optimal pH of GPR4 activity and the blood pH range across different species.

Integrated multiomics signatures to optimize the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer.

Diagnosing lung cancer from indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPLs) remains challenging. In this multi-institutional study involving 2032 participants with IPLs, we integrate the clinical, radiomic with circulating cell-free DNA fragmentomic features in 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-enriched regions to establish a multiomics model (clinic-RadmC) for predicting the malignancy risk of IPLs. The clinic-RadmC yields an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.

Integrated analyses of multi-omic data derived from paired primary lung cancer and brain metastasis reveal the metabolic vulnerability as a novel therapeutic target.

Background: Lung cancer brain metastases (LC-BrMs) are frequently associated with dismal mortality rates in patients with lung cancer; however, standard of care therapies for LC-BrMs are still limited in their efficacy. A deep understanding of molecular mechanisms and tumor microenvironment of LC-BrMs will provide us with new insights into developing novel therapeutics for treating patients with LC-BrMs.

Methods: Here, we performed integrated analyses of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and single-cell RNA sequencing data which were derived from a total number of 154 patients with paired and unpaired primary lung cancer and LC-BrM, spanning four published and two newly generated patient cohorts on both bulk and single cell levels.

Insights into sex differences in perioperative outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: The appreciation of sex differences is substantial for precise cancer management. Surgery is the main treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to identify sex differences on perioperative outcomes in NSCLC patients and to uncover the origins of sex effect in outcomes using a Chinese cohort.

A multi-level investigation of the genetic relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and lung cancer.

Background: Observational studies have revealed a potential association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and lung cancer (LC), but the genetic role in their comorbidity have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to comprehensively dissect the genetic link underlying GERD and LC.

Methods: Using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we investigated shared genetic architecture between GERD and LC.

Ten-year survival outcomes of video-assisted thoracic surgery open major lung resection for stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer: a large cohort study in China.

Background: Despite the widespread adoption of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for major lung resection, the 10-year long-term survival outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with VATS compared with open major lung resection is lacking. The purpose of this study was to analyze the short- and long-term outcomes of VATS open major lung resection for NSCLC.

Methods: The perioperative outcomes and long-term survival of p-stage I-III NSCLC patients who underwent major lung resection via VATS open major lung resection in the Western China Lung Cancer Database (WCLCD) between May 2006 and June 2018 were studied using propensity score matching (PSM).

Prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients with resected small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was recommended for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with complete or partial response to primary chemoradiotherapy. But it is still controversial regarding its role in SCLC patients who have had radical resection. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of PCI in resected SCLC patients.

A Comprehensive Proteogenomic and Spatial Analysis of Innate and Acquired Resistance of Metastatic Melanoma to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapies.

Unlabelled: While a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma achieves durable responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, the majority ultimately exhibit either innate or acquired resistance to these treatments. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to ICB therapies remain elusive and are warranted to elucidate. Here, we comprehensively investigated the tumor and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of paired pre- and post-treatment tumor specimens from metastatic melanoma patients who were primary or secondary resistance to anti-CTLA-4 and/or anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies.

Branched-chain amino acids and risk of lung cancer: insights from mendelian randomization and NHANES III.

Background: Recent studies have observed the relationships of circulatory and dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) with long-term risk of certain cancers. However, the exact causality of BCAA with lung cancer (LUCA) and its pathological subtypes remains obscure. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between BCAA metabolism and risk of LUCA.

A nomogram predicting the risk of extrathoracic metastasis at initial diagnosis of TN lung cancer.

Background: The risk and risk factors of extrathoracic metastasis at initial diagnosis in TN lung cancer patients are not fully understood. We aimed to develop a model to predict the risk of extrathoracic metastasis in those patients.

Methods: Clinicopathological data of patients were collected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of lung transplantation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To synthesize the clinical experience of patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pulmonary fibrosis (PF) receiving lung transplantation (LTx) and compare the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 LTx patients.

Methods: A literature search of online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wan Fang databases) was performed regarding LTx for COVID-19-associated ARDS or PF. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD2024507647).

Plasma proteometabolome in lung cancer: exploring biomarkers through bidirectional Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis.

Unlike other cancers with widespread screening (breast, colorectal, cervical, prostate, and skin), lung nodule biopsies for positive screenings have higher morbidity with clinical complications. Development of non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers could thereby significantly enhance lung cancer management for at-risk patients. Here, we leverage Mendelian Randomization (MR) to investigate the plasma proteome and metabolome for potential biomarkers relevant to lung cancer.