UHPLC-MS/MS profiling and in vivo aphrodisiac and androgenic effects of the aqueous extract of the roots of Schumanniophyton magnificum (K. Schum.) Harms.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Schumanniophyton magnificum is a medicinal plant used to manage many ailments including malaria, skin diseases, parasitic infections, male sexual dysfunctions, female infertility and typhoid fever. However, no scientific investigation has been made for its folkloric use by the "Baka" Pygmies of Cameroon as an aphrodisiac.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the aphrodisiac and androgenic activities of the aqueous extract of the roots of Schumanniophyton magnificum in male rats and analyze the phytoconstituents by UHPLC/MS.

Anti-Shigella and antioxidant-based screening of some Cameroonian medicinal plants, UHPLC-LIT-MS/MS fingerprints, and prediction of pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties of identified chemicals.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Shigella infection is a public health problem responsible for approximately 700,000 deaths annually. The management of this disease is impaired by the emergence of multidrug-resistant Shigella species, highlighting the urgent need to search for alternative treatment options. In this regard, investigating medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of dysentery, diarrheal infections, and/or associated symptoms in endemic regions might provide an opportunity to identify phytochemicals that could be further used as a basis for the development of future anti-shigella drug candidates.

Emotional experiences and psychological well-being in 51 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges to psychological well-being, but how can we predict when people suffer or cope during sustained stress? Here, we test the prediction that specific types of momentary emotional experiences are differently linked to psychological well-being during the pandemic. Study 1 used survey data collected from 24,221 participants in 51 countries during the COVID-19 outbreak. We show that, across countries, well-being is linked to individuals' recent emotional experiences, including calm, hope, anxiety, loneliness, and sadness.

Potentiation effect of mallotojaponin B on chloramphenicol and mode of action of combinations against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus, the causative agent of many infectious diseases has developed resistance to many antibiotics, even chloramphenicol which was the essential antibiotic recommended for the treatment of bacterial infection. Thus, other alternatives to fight against S. aureus infections are necessary; and combinatory therapy of antibiotics with natural compounds is one of the approaches.

Innovation for Positive Sustainable Legacy From Mega Sports Events: Virtual Reality as a Tool for Social Inclusion Legacy for Paris 2024 Paralympic Games.

There is significant interest in how sports events and their associated legacies could act as a platform to address global challenges and engender social change. The United Nations (UN) has acknowledged the important role that sport plays in supporting the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Olympic movement could be argued as central to that objective. Yet critical questions and concerns have been raised about the growing expenditure, viability, long term legacy, and impacts of mega sports events such as the Olympic Games.

Garcinia kola (Heckel) and Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. from Cameroon possess potential antisalmonellal and antioxidant properties.

Drug resistant Salmonella species and shortcomings related to current drugs stress the urgent need to search for new antimicrobial agents to control salmonellosis. This study investigated the antisalmonellal and antioxidant potentials of methanolic and hydro-ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola and Alchornea cordifolia as potential sources of drugs to control Salmonella species and to reduce related oxidative stress. The antisalmonellal activity was assessed using the broth microdilution, membrane destabilization and time-kill kinetic assays.

In vitro and in vivo anti-salmonella properties of hydroethanolic extract of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. (Leguminosae) root bark and LC-MS-based phytochemical analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Typhoid fever treatment remains a challenge in endemic countries. Detarium microcarpum is traditionally used to manage typhoid.

Aim Of The Study: The study aims to explore the efficacy of hydroethanolic extract of Detarium microcarpum root bark in rats infected with salmonella.

Antibacterial phloroglucinols derivatives from the leaves of Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisler) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae).

From the ethno-medicinally used leaves of Mallotus oppositifolius, four acylphloroglucinol derivatives, namely Acronyculatin SU (1-3) and Mallotojaponin D (4) were isolated along with seven known compounds (5-11). Structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and HRMS data. Absolute configurations were assigned by careful comparison of their specific optical rotation with those of closely related compounds.

Melokhanines A-J, Bioactive Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids with Diverse Skeletons from Melodinus khasianus.

The new melokhanines A-J (1-10) and 22 known (11-32) alkaloids were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Melodinus khasianus. The new compounds and their absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and computational data. Melokhanine A (1), composed of a hydroxyindolinone linked to an octahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine moiety, is an unprecedented monoterpenoid indole alkaloid.

Chemical constituents of Solanum coagulans and their antimicrobial activities.

The present study aimed at determining the chemical constituents of Solanum coagulans and their antimicrobial activities. The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical methods, and comparison with reported spectroscopic data. One new phenolic glycoside, methyl salicylate 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with 12 known compounds (2-13), were isolated from the aerial parts of Solanum coagulans.

Antibacterial constituents from Melodinus suaveolens.

To investigate the non-alkaloidal chemical constituents of the stems and leaves of Melodinus suaveolens and their antibacterial activities. Compounds were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP18, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by comparison with published spectroscopic data, as well as on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.

A new antimicrobial and radical-scavenging glycoside from Paullinia pinnata var. cameroonensis.

A new glycoside, pinnatoside A (1), together with two known compounds (2 and 3), were isolated from the stems of Paullinia pinnata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compound 1 showed significant antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.

New antimicrobial pregnane glycosides from the stem of Ecdysanthera rosea.

Phytochemical investigation on the stem of Ecdysanthera rosea led to the isolation of eight new C-21 pregnane glycoside ecdysosides A-H (1-8), together with one known pregnane glycoside ecdysantheroside A (9). Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data (MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) analysis, as well as comparison with the reported literature data. Antimicrobial activities of all the compounds were evaluated against bacteria and yeasts.

Chemical Constituents from the Stems of Ecdysanthera rosea.

One new eudesmane sesquiterpenoid (1) named ecdysantherol A and two new benzene derivatives ecdysantherols B (2) and C (3), together with five known benzene derivatives (4-8) were isolated from the stems of Ecdysanthera rosea. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction. The known compounds were identified by the comparison of their spectroscopic data with reported literature data.

Antityphoid and radical scavenging properties of the methanol extracts and compounds from the aerial part of Paullinia pinnata.

Paullinia pinnata Linn (Sapindaceae) is a medicinal plant, locally used in the West Region of Cameroon for the treatment of typhoid fever. This work was designed to evaluate the antityphoid and antioxidant activities of the extracts and compounds of P. pinnata.

Antimicrobial steroidal saponin and oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins from Paullinia pinnata.

Background: Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae) is an African woody vine, which is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of human malaria, erectile dysfunction and bacterial infections. A phytochemical investigation of its methanol leaf and stem extracts led to the isolation of seven compounds which were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties.

Flavonoids and stilbenoids from Derris eriocarpa.

One new resveratrol analogue, 1-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-methoxy-2-(4″-methoxyphenyl)-ethane-1-ol (1), and two new prenylisoflavones, 4'-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-isoflavone (2), and derrubon 5-methyl ether (3), together with 17 known compounds including one new natural product, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-[4'-O-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-phenyl]-isoflavone (4), were isolated from the stems of ethnomedicinal plant Derris eriocarpa How. (Leguminosae). Their structures were elucidated based on chemical evidence and spectroscopic techniques including two-dimensional NMR methods.

Antibacterial prenylbenzoic acid derivatives from Anodendron formicinum.

A phytochemical investigation on the stems of Anodendron formicinum led to the isolation of eight prenylbenzoic acid derivatives. Three of these were new compounds, designated as formicinuosides A (1), B (2), and C (3). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with the reported spectroscopic data.

In vitro and in vivo antidermatophytic activity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1 v/v) extract from the stem bark of Polyscias fulva Hiern (Araliaceae).

Background: During the last decades, the number of people suffering from dermatophytoses has seriously increased, mainly due to the development of resistant strains of microorganisms to a range of formally efficient antibiotics. Polyscias fulva, a medium size tree which grows in the West Region of Cameroon is traditionally used for local application against dermatoses and orally against venereal infections. The dichloromethane-methanol (1:1 v/v) extract from the stem bark of Polyscias fulva was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities.

Prevalence of cryptococcosis among HIV-infected patients in Yaounde, Cameroon.

Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is encapsulated yeast which causes life-threatening infections in up to 40% of AIDS patients in Africa.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of cryptococcosis among HIV infected patients in Yaounde.

Methods: In a hospital-based surveillance study of cryptococcosis, the colonization of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), urine and blood sample by C.

The implementation and appraisal of a novel confirmatory HIV-1 testing algorithm in the Microbicides Development Programme 301 Trial (MDP301).

Unlabelled: We describe the application of a novel HIV confirmatory testing algorithm to determine the primary efficacy endpoint in a large Phase III microbicide trial. 9385 women were enrolled between 2005 and 2009. Of these women, 537 (6%) had at least one positive HIV rapid test after enrolment.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts and compounds from the leaves of Psorospermum aurantiacum Engl. and Hypericum lanceolatum Lam.

Background: Psorospermun aurantiacum and Hypericum lanceolatum are plants locally used in Cameroon and other parts of Africa for the treatment of gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, skin infections, venereal diseases, gastrointestinal disorder, infertility, epilepsy as well as microbial infections. The present study was designed in order to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities of the extracts and isolated compounds from the leaves of these plants.

Methods: The plant extract was prepared by maceration in ethyl acetate and methanol and fractionated by column chromatography.

Substituted 2-aminothiophenes: antifungal activities and effect on Microsporum gypseum protein profile.

The increasing recognition and importance of fungal infections, the difficulties encountered in their treatment and the increase in resistance to antifungal agents have stimulated the search for therapeutic alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activities of three substituted 2-aminothiophenes (1, 2 and 3) against some fungal species. The synthesis of substituted 2-aminothiophenes was carried out through the most versatile synthetic method developed by Gewald et al.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of methanol extract, fractions and compounds from the stem bark of Entada abyssinica Stend ex A. Satabie.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract, fractions and isolated compounds from Entada abyssinica stem bark, plant used traditionally against gastrointestinal infections.

Methods: The methanol extract of E. abyssinica stem bark was pre-dissolved in a mixture of methanol and water, and then partitioned between n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol.