CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC ORANGUTAN RESPIRATORY DISEASE SYNDROME IN THREE ADULT MALE BORNEAN ORANGUTANS ().

Orangutan respiratory disease syndrome (ORDS) is a disease unique to orangutans (), characterized by chronic bacterial infection and inflammation of any region or combination of regions of the respiratory tract, including the sinuses, air sacs, cranial bones, airways, and lung parenchyma. Aggressive early intervention during a first episode may prevent progression to chronic disease. However, in the setting of an established chronic disease, intermittent acute exacerbations are associated with worsening symptoms and increased infection and inflammation.

EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF HUMAN BRONCHIECTASISBASED ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF ORANGUTAN RESPIRATORY DISEASE SYNDROME.

Unique among apes, orangutans ( spp.) develop a chronic respiratory disease called orangutan respiratory disease syndrome (ORDS). The authors define ORDS as intermittent bacterial infection and chronic inflammation of any region or combination of regions of the respiratory tract, including the sinuses, air sacs, cranial bones, airways, and lung parenchyma.

CASE SERIES: CLINICAL SALMONELLOSIS IN FOUR BLACK RHINOCEROS (DICEROS BICORNIS) CALVES.

Although Salmonella spp. infection has been identified in captive and free-ranging rhinoceros, clinical cases in black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis ) calves have not been described. This case series describes clinical salmonellosis in four black rhinoceros calves.

The use of magnetic resonance imaging to better define hoof pathology in the reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata).

A 22-yr-old bull giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) with severely altered hoof conformation in both forelimbs was presented for necropsy following acute mortality. Due to multiple challenges that prevented safe immobilization, corrective hoof trimming procedures were never performed on this animal. To better define the extent of the damage of the soft tissue structures and bone within the hoof, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system was used to obtain images of these structures.

Use of urinary biomarkers of ovarian function and altrenogest supplementation to enhance captive breeding success in the Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis).

Urinary hormone analysis was conducted on two adult female Indian rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros unicornis) that exhibited minimal or no estrual behaviors traditionally used to time breeding. Urine was collected throughout two consecutive estrous cycles to establish preliminary data on each individual's pattern and concentration of estrogen conjugates (EC) and progesterone metabolites (PdG) during follicular and luteal phases. Following preliminary endocrine analysis, urine samples were shipped on a frequent basis to verify when each female was off baseline in EC.

Increasing mobile radiography productivity.

Mobile radiography using computed radiography (CR) cassettes is a common equipment combination with a workflow bottleneck limited by location of CR readers. Advent of direct digital radiography (DDR) mobile x-ray machines removes this limitation by immediate image review and quality control. Through the use of key performance indicators (KPIs), the increase in efficiency can be quantified.

Fatal hemoprotozoal infections in multiple avian species in a zoological park.

Over a 3-yr span, two juvenile lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor), two green jays (Cyanocorax yncas glaucescens), and two Montezuma oropendolas (Psarocolius montezuma) died peracutely with no premonitory signs at a zoological park in the southern United States. At necropsy, the birds were in excellent body condition. Except for one green jay, the coelomic cavities were filled with a dark serosanguineous fluid.

Oral eosinophilic granulomas in tigers (Panthera tigris)--a collection of 16 cases.

Oral eosinophilic granulomas were diagnosed in 16 tigers (Panthera tigris). All lesions were located on the hard or soft palate and typically consisted of flat or slightly raised circular ulcers. Histologic features of these lesions were essentially identical to those seen in oral eosinophilic granulomas of domestic cats and dogs.

Intralesional cisplatin chemotherapy and topical cryotherapy for the control of choanal squamous cell carcinoma in an African penguin (Spheniscus demersus).

A 3.5-yr-old, 2.5-kg female African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) was diagnosed with a choanal squamous cell carcinoma on the basis of biopsy after a history of choanal ulceration and anorexia with weight loss.

Surgical technique for permanent intracoelomic radiotransmitter placement in Anegada iguanas (Cyclura pinguis).

Twenty-four juvenile to subadult Anegada iguanas (Cyclura pinguis), captive-reared in a propagation facility, were designated by a coordinated recovery program for release in the summer of 2003. To facilitate postrelease monitoring, a radiotransmitter device was placed within the coelomic cavity of each animal under general anesthesia before release. The equipment sterilization technique and the method of attachment of the transmitters to the coelomic body wall resulted in functional transmitters and acceptably low rates of mortality associated with the procedure.

Do panther chameleons bask to regulate endogenous vitamin D3 production?

Basking by ectothermic vertebrates is thought to have evolved for thermoregulation. However, another beneficial effect of sunlight exposure, specifically the ultraviolet B (UV-B) component, includes endogenous production of vitamin D(3). In the laboratory, panther chameleons exhibited a positive phototaxis to greater visible, ultraviolet A (UV-A) and UV-B light.

Idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome in seven black rhinoceros.

Idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome (IHVS) was diagnosed in 7 black rhinoceros; this newly described syndrome is characterized by severe body swelling in conjunction with a rapid and profound decrease in Hct. The disorder may be acute or chronic, may recur, and is potentially fatal. Five of the rhinoceros survived an initial episode of IHVS, and 2 of these 5 survived a recurrent episode of IHVS.

Xanthomatosis in geckos: five cases.

Five cases of xanthomatosis in geckos were evaluated, one in a northern green gecko (Naultinus grayi) and the remaining four in three species of leaf-tailed geckos (two Uroplatus henkeli, one U. sikorae, one U. fimbriatus).

Isolation of Mycoplasma felis from a serval (Felis serval) with severe respiratory disease.

We report cytologic observations and isolation of Mycoplasma felis in September 1992 from the lower respiratory tract of a 3-week-old captive serval (Felis serval) cub with pneumonia, in Florida (USA). Septic, neutrophilic inflammation with a large, monomorphic population of unique, pleomorphic, intracellular and extracellular rods was diagnosed from a transtracheal wash. Mycoplasma felis was the only bacterium isolated in significant numbers from the transtracheal wash.

Maternal immunoglobulin G antibody transfer and development of immunoglobulin G antibody responses in blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) chicks.

Objective: To document the maternal transfer of IgG antibodies from Blue and Gold Macaw hens to chicks via the egg; to measure serum IgG half-life in macaw chicks; and to measure the ability of 2- to 10-week-old macaw chicks to generate primary and secondary IgG responses.

Procedure: 4 adult Blue and Gold Macaw hens were inoculated with 200 micrograms of bovine serum albumin (BSA) every 21 days throughout the breeding season. Eggs laid by these hens were incubator hatched to eliminate the possibility of antibody transfer through crop secretions during feeding.

Development of monoclonal antibodies for measurement of immunoglobulin G antibody responses in blue and gold macaws (Ara ararauna).

Objectives: To produce monoclonal antibodies (MAB) with specificity for the heavy chain of macaw IgG; to incorporate these MAB into an ELISA to measure IgG responses of macaws inoculated with bovine serum albumin (BSA); and to evaluate the antigenicity of BSA in Blue and Gold Macaws.

Animals: Four 1-year-old Blue and Gold Macaws, 2 males and 2 females.

Procedure: 1 male and 1 female 1 were randomly assigned to each of 2 study groups.

Fatal cytauxzoonosis in a captive-reared white tiger (Panthera tigris).

Fatal (Panthera tigris) cytauxzoonosis was diagnosed in a 7-year-old female white tiger. The tiger presented with a 2-day history of anorexia and lethargy. She was mildly dehydrated, with a temperature of 105.

Skeletal muscle microcirculation and oxygenation in experimental intestinal shock: A study on the efficacy of different plasma substitutes.

Shock was induced in 60 dogs by exteriorization of the small intestine for three hours. The relative effectiveness of various hemodiluting agents on the microcirculation was measured as skeletal muscle capillary blood flow (QXe) and capillary permeability (P) surface area (S) for plasma (PSp), as calculated from the clearances of two locally injected isotopes, 133 Xenon and 131 Iodide. Skeletal muscle oxygen tension (Pm(2) was measured with a tissue PO2 electrode.