Cow milk is an important source of iodine for prenatal health, and switching to plant-based milk can lead to iodine insufficiencies.

Iodine insufficiencies are common among many populations, particularly pregnant women. One of the main functions of iodine is making thyroid hormone. The 2 main hormones that iodine influences are triiodothyronine and thyroxine.

The Olfactomedin-4-Defined Human Neutrophil Subsets Differ in Proteomic Profile in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Septic Shock.

The specific granule glycoprotein olfactomedin-4 (Olfm4) marks a subset (1-70%) of human neutrophils and the Olfm4-high (Olfm4-H) proportion has been found to correlate with septic shock severity. The aim of this study was to decipher proteomic differences between the subsets in healthy individuals, hypothesizing that Olfm4-H neutrophils have a proteomic profile distinct from that of Olfm4 low (Olfm4-L) neutrophils. We then extended the investigation to septic shock.

Contrasting landscape influences on sediment supply and stream restoration priorities in northern Fennoscandia (Sweden and Finland) and coastal British Columbia.

Sediment size and supply exert a dominant control on channel structure. We review the role of sediment supply in channel structure, and how regional differences in sediment supply and land use affect stream restoration priorities. We show how stream restoration goals are best understood within a common fluvial geomorphology framework defined by sediment supply, storage, and transport.

Stereotactic core needle biopsy in non-palpable breast lesions. What number is needed?

Purpose: To investigate whether three stereotactic core needle biopsies (S-CNB) in non-palpable breast lesion are enough for accurate preoperative diagnosis.

Material And Methods: Between September 1994 and December 2000, 523 patients with mammographically detected breast lesions and who proceeded to surgery were preoperatively stereotactically biopsied with an automated 14-gauge biopsy device. Three samples were taken from each lesion irrespective of whether the lesion presented as "microcalcifications only", "microcalcifications and a mass", or a "mass, architectural distorsion, or stellate lesion without microcalcifications".

Comparison of preoperative simultaneous stereotactic fine needle aspiration biopsy and stereotactic core needle biopsy in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

Purpose: To compare the preoperative results of stereotactic fine needle aspiration biopsy (S-FNAB) with stereotactic core needle biopsy (S-CNB) performed simultaneously in breast lesions with the postoperative histopathological diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of all histological grades.

Material And Methods: 733 consecutive stereotactic biopsies were performed between May 1993 and June 1999. In 72 patients with mammographic findings suspicious of malignancy who were subjected to breast surgery, postoperative histopathology showed DCIS.

Radiological review of incidence breast cancers.

Objectives: To examine the rate of incidence cancers detectable on review of previous screening mammograms using two reviewing methods. To compare the results with a previous study of interval cancers using the same reviewing methods.

Setting: Almost 50000 women are regularly invited for service screening at Stockholm Söder Hospital.

Pre-operative simultaneous stereotactic core biopsy and fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of invasive lobular breast carcinoma.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic value of stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) in comparison to stereotactic fine-needle aspiration biopsy (SFNAB) in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC).

Material And Methods: Twenty-two patients with clinical or mammographic findings suspicious of malignancy underwent surgery where postoperative histopathology showed ILC. Pre-operative attempts of diagnosis were made using SFNAB and SCNB.

Two models for radiological reviewing of interval cancers.

Objectives: To compare two different review methods of examining how many of our interval cancers could be regarded as missed cases (overlooked and misinterpreted owing to observer's error).

Setting: A mass screening programme in Stockholm 1989-91, performed at five independent screening units. 107,846 women attended for screening (70.

Occurrence of Gasterophilus intestinalis and some parasitic nematodes of horses in Sweden.

A survey was performed on the occurrence of some internal parasites in 461 horses (1-30 years old) slaughtered from October 1992 to September 1993 at the Linköping abattoir in central Sweden. Macroscopical examination was carried out specifically for parasites of the tear ducts and conjunctival sacs of the eyes, and of selected parts of the alimentary tract and cardio-vascular system. The following parasites were found in selected parts of the large intestine: encapsulated cyathostome larvae (in 35.

V/Q distribution and correlation to atelectasis in anesthetized paralyzed humans.

Regional ventilation and perfusion were studied in 10 anesthetized paralyzed supine patients by single-photon emission computerized tomography. Atelectasis was estimated from two transaxial computerized tomography scans. The ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) distribution was also evaluated by multiple inert gas elimination.

CT-assessment of dependent lung densities in man during general anaesthesia.

Purpose: We aimed to describe the frequency of atelectasis occurring during anaesthesia, to describe the size and pattern of the atelectasis, and to standardise the method of identifying the atelectasis and calculate its area.

Material And Methods: Patients (n = 109) scheduled for elective abdominal surgery were examined with CT of the thorax during anaesthesia.

Results: In 95 patients (87%) dependent pulmonary densities were seen, interpreted as atelectasis.

Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses in Sweden: prevalence, infection levels and intestinal lesions.

Distal ileum, caecum and proximal colon of 470 horses were examined for helminths during 1 year at an abattoir in central Sweden. The infection levels of the horse tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata, their stage of development, site of attachment and gross pathological lesions caused by the worm were recorded. Faecal samples from 395 of the horses were examined specifically for tapeworm segments and eggs in order to correlate these findings with the numbers in the alimentary canal.

Phrenic nerve stimulation during halothane anesthesia. Effects of atelectasis.

Background: Atelectasis formation during anesthesia may be due to loss of respiratory muscle tone, in particular that of the diaphragm. This was tested by tensing the diaphragm by phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) and observing the effect on atelectasis.

Methods: Twelve patients (mean age 48 yr) without preexisting lung disease were studied during halothane anesthesia.

Analysis of lung density by computed tomography before and during general anaesthesia.

Pulmonary structure was analysed by means of computed tomography (CT) in 20 lung-healthy patients, relating tissue density to the attenuation value (AV) of a picture element. Regional density of pulmonary tissue (rlung) was determined using mean lung density in five regions of interest (ROI1-5) (sector method). Vertical and horizontal distributions of x-ray attenuation were analysed by density profiles, relating AV values to evenly distributed and normalised length scales.

Atelectasis and lung function in the postoperative period.

Thirteen patients with healthy hearts and lungs, and with a mean age of 68 years, who were scheduled for lower abdominal surgery during isoflurane anaesthesia with muscular paralysis, were investigated with arterial blood gases, spirometry, pulmonary x-ray and computed tomography (CT) of the chest before and during anaesthesia, as well as during the first 4 postoperative days. Before anaesthesia, lung function and gas exchange were normal in all patients. Pulmonary x-ray and CT scans of the lungs were also normal.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anaesthesia: formation of atelectasis and gas exchange impairment.

Gas exchange impairment and the development of atelectasis during enflurane anaesthesia were studied in 10 patients (mean age 70 yrs) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Awake, no patient displayed atelectasis as assessed by computed X-ray tomography. The ventilation/perfusion distribution (VA/Q), studied by the multiple inert gas elimination technique, displayed an increased dispersion of VA/Q ratios (the logarithmic standard deviation of the perfusion distribution, mean log Q SD 0.

Atelectasis causes gas exchange impairment in the anaesthetised horse.

The anatomical basis of gas exchange impairment in the anaesthetised horse was studied by computerised tomography (CT; three shetland ponies) and morphological analysis (one pony and three horses). By means of CT, densities were seen in dependent lung regions early during anaesthesia, both with spontaneous breathing and with mechanical ventilation. The densities remained for some time where they had initially been created when the animal was turned from dorsal to sternal recumbency.

The influence of body position and differential ventilation on lung dimensions and atelectasis formation in anaesthetized man.

The effects of body position and anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation on thoracic dimensions and atelectasis formation were studied by means of computerized tomography in 14 patients. Induction of anaesthesia in the supine position reduced the cross-sectional area for both lungs and caused atelectasis formation in dependent lung regions in 4/5 patients. Conventional ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increased thoracic dimensions and reduced, but did not eliminate, the atelectatic areas.

Atelectasis and gas exchange impairment during enflurane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia.

The development of atelectasis and effects on gas exchange during enflurane anaesthesia in nitrogen/oxygen or nitrous oxide/oxygen (inspired oxygen fraction 0.4) were studied in 16 lung-healthy patients (mean age 49 years). Awake, no subject displayed atelectasis as assessed by computed x-ray tomography of the thorax.

Pulmonary densities during anaesthesia. An experimental study on lung morphology and gas exchange.

The nature of dense areas in dependent lung regions regularly seen in anaesthetized humans was examined in a sheep model. During anaesthesia with muscle paralysis and mechanical ventilation dense areas in dependent lung regions could be seen by means of computerized tomography (CT). They had the same location and the same attenuation as in anaesthetized humans.

Barbiturate anaesthesia does not cause pulmonary densities in dogs: a study using computerized axial tomography.

The occurrence of roentgenological densities in dependent lung regions was studied in 28 mongrel dogs (mean weight 18.7 kg) during barbiturate anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation. The densities were analysed by means of computerized tomography, permitting transaxial projections of the thorax.

Cardiac function and central haemodynamics in severe chronic obstructive lung disease. Acute and long-term effects of felodipine.

Eleven patients, with advanced chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), received an infusion of the calcium antagonist felodipine at a rate of 0.9 mg/h. Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances (PVR and SVR) at rest were reduced by 18% (p less than 0.

Thoracoabdominal restriction in supine men: CT and lung function measurements.

Thoracoabdominal restriction was brought on by means of a corset, and the subsequent effects on thoracic dimensions and lung tissue were studied by computerized tomography (CT) and by various lung function tests in supine healthy volunteers (mean age 30 yr). Restriction caused reductions in total lung capacity (helium equilibration) from mean 6.84 to 4.

Computerized tomography of the chest and gas exchange measurements during ketamine anaesthesia.

The effects of atelectasis on pulmonary gas exchange were studied in eight supine, clinically lung-healthy patients. Atelectasis was studied by computerized tomography (CT), and gas exchange by blood gas analysis. The distribution of ventilation/perfusion ratios was assessed by a multiple inert gas elimination technique.