Overcoming foetal motion using interactive real-time magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: Foetal MRI has become an established image modality in the prenatal diagnosis of CNS anomalies, but image quality can be severely affected by foetal movements. The objective was to overcome these inherent motion problems by applying interactive real-time MRI and to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the applied real-time MRI sequence in relation to standard protocols.

Methods: Ten healthy foetuses (gestation week 21·3 ± 0·5) were scanned using a system, which allowed visual feedback and interactive slice positioning in real time.

Assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer using three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Preoperative knowledge of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer is important for surgical planning. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficiency of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) with and without saline infusion (SIS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer.

Material And Methods: 110 women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial adenocarcinoma underwent preoperative 2D- and 3D-TVS with and without SIS and MRI.

Preoperative staging of endometrial cancer using TVS, MRI, and hysteroscopy.

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of different preoperative modalities for staging of endometrial cancer to restrict extensive surgery to patients at high risk of metastatic disease.

Setting: Aarhus University Hospital.

Population: 156 women referred in 2006-2011 because of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (G0) or endometrial cancer.

High long-term morbidity in repaired aortic coarctation: weak association with residual arch obstruction.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess late morbidity after repair of aortic coarctation and its association with residual aortic arch obstruction.

Design And Setting: This is an observational cohort study of 133 patients who underwent surgical repair during 1965-1985. Echocardiography, bicycle exercise testing, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and magnetic resonance imaging/computerized tomography scan of the thoracic aorta were performed.

Compromised cardiac function in exercising teenagers with pectus excavatum.

Patients with pectus excavatum complain about fatigue, tachypnea, discomfort and dyspnea, but the existence of an equivalent underlying pathophysiology has been questioned. We investigated 75 teenagers (49 pectus excavatum patients and 26 age matched controls) at rest and during bicycle exercise at submaximal exercise levels. At rest cardiac function was determined using echocardiography.

Adenomyosis and junctional zone changes in patients with endometriosis.

Objectives: To evaluate image findings in the junctional zone (JZ) in patients with endometriosis and correlate with image findings of adenomyosis. To attempt a correlation of the degree of adenomyotic infiltration with the degree of infiltration and stage of endometriosis.

Study Design: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the uterus was performed in 153 women with suspected deeply infiltrating endometriosis and planned surgery, and in a reference group of 129 women without endometriosis, verified during hysterectomy.

Dilation of the ascending aorta in Turner syndrome - a prospective cardiovascular magnetic resonance study.

Background: The risk of aortic dissection is 100-fold increased in Turner syndrome (TS). Unfortunately, risk stratification is inadequate due to a lack of insight into the natural course of the syndrome-associated aortopathy. Therefore, this study aimed to prospectively assess aortic dimensions in TS.

Abnormalities of the major intrathoracic arteries in Turner syndrome as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Ectatic aortopathy and arterial abnormalities cause excess morbidity and mortality in Turner syndrome, where a state of vasculopathy seemingly extends into the major head and neck branch arteries.

Objective: We investigated the prevalence of abnormalities of the major intrathoracic arteries, their interaction with arterial dimensions, and their association with karyotype.

Design: Magnetic resonance imaging scans determined the arterial abnormalities as well as head and neck branch artery and aortic dimensions in 99 adult women with Turner syndrome compared with 33 healthy female controls.

Thoracic aortopathy in Turner syndrome and the influence of bicuspid aortic valves and blood pressure: a CMR study.

Background: To investigate aortic dimensions in women with Turner syndrome (TS) in relation to aortic valve morphology, blood pressure, karyotype, and clinical characteristics.

Methods And Results: A cross sectional study of 102 women with TS (mean age 37.7; 18-62 years) examined by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR- successful in 95), echocardiography, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure.

Huntington's disease-like and ataxia syndromes: identification of a family with a de novo SCA17/TBP mutation.

The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias, commonly referred to as SCAs, are clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders. Twenty-eight genetic subtypes have been identified, of which 7 are caused by expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat that encodes a polyglutamine tract in the respective proteins. SCA17 is caused by a CAG/CAA repeat expansion in the TATA box-binding protein-gene (TBP).

[Magnetic resonance imaging of the female pelvis].

The use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the female pelvis has expanded considerably over the past decade. We here review important indications, including congenital anomalies, benign and malignant diseases and special emphasis is given to the diagnostic value and possible limitations of MR. MR also plays an increasing role in minimal access surgery.

Transvaginal ultrasound or MRI for diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Purpose Of Review: Transvaginal ultrasound and MRI are used to diagnose adenomyosis. This review summarizes the current evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of these techniques.

Recent Findings: The image resolution of both transvaginal ultrasound and MRI is effective for the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Phased array magnetic resonance imaging for staging clinically localised prostrate cancer.

Patients suffering from intra-capsular prostate cancer (T1-2, N0, M0) are potential candidates for curative treatment by radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Curative intended therapy is frequently associated with substantial side effects, which makes accuracy of preoperative staging important. However, up to 40% of the patients with clinically localized disease turn out to be under-staged and should not have been subjected to curative surgery.

Long-term outcome of meniscal degeneration in the knee: poor association between MRI and symptoms in 45 patients followed more than 4 years.

Knee joint-related symptoms are frequent and the use of MRI as a diagnostic tool is common. About 25% of MRIs show meniscal degeneration (MD). As the natural history of MD has not been well described, we studied the long-term outcome of 50 MDs.

Response, relapse and mucosal immune regulation after infliximab treatment in fistulating Crohn's disease.

Background: Infliximab reduces mucosal inflammation in some, but not all, patients with Crohn's disease.

Aim: To monitor clinical data and changes in mucosal cytokine levels after infliximab treatment to identify differences between responders and non-responders.

Methods: Twenty-six patients with fistulating Crohn's disease received three infliximab infusions at weeks 0, 2 and 6.

Imaging techniques for evaluation of the uterine cavity and endometrium in premenopausal patients before minimally invasive surgery.

Unlabelled: A literature review compared the diagnostic effectiveness and accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) hysterosonographic examination (HSE), hysteroscopy (HY), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in abnormalities of the uterine cavity and endometrium in premenopausal patients referred to surgery and women with abnormal uterine bleeding. The studies varied much in terms of patient selection, number of observers, blinding and experience of observers, and definition of abnormality criteria. The diagnostic effectiveness of the techniques reviewed varied: TVS only reached intermediate quality levels as a diagnostic tool for exclusion of uterine cavity abnormalities and no data support that MRI, TVS, HY, or HSE may exclude hyperplasia without concomitant endometrial sampling.

[Magnetic resonance arteriography in peripheral vascular surgery. A new, non-invasive method for visualization of arteries].

Based on a MEDLINE search, we present the current status of magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA) and peripheral vascular surgery. Non-enhanced MRA (TOF-MRA) is more time-consuming than is gadolinium-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA), and the gadolinium-enhanced technique seems to perform more accurately and pose fewer problems. The sensitivity and specificity of TOF-MRA are 93% (range 64-100%) and 88% (range 57-100%) respectively, and that of CE-MRA 96% (range 71-100%) and 96% (63-100%), respectively, with conventional arteriography as the gold standard.

Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis, mapping, and measurement of uterine myomas.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasonography in myoma diagnosis, mapping, and measurement.

Study Design: This was a double-blind study of 106 consecutive premenopausal women who underwent hysterectomy for benign reasons. Myomas (total, 257) were exactly mapped by magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasonography; in each patient, we counted correctly identified myomas with pathologic position as true value.

Reproducibility of evaluation of the uterus by transvaginal sonography, hysterosonographic examination, hysteroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: The aim was to evaluate and compare inter-observer reproducibility by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS), hysterosonographic examination (HSE) and hysteroscopy (HY).

Methods: Different observers consecutively evaluated MRI, TVS, HSE and HY independently in 51 pre-menopausal women, who underwent hysterectomy for benign diseases.

Results: Inter-observer agreement (kappa) was as follows: Exclusion of uterine cavity abnormalities: MRI 0.

Peripheral vascular surgery and magnetic resonance arteriography--a review.

Objectives: to review the current status of lower limb MRA.

Design: a literature review based predominantly on a MEDLINE database search of English-language publications from January 1991 to October 2000.

Materials And Methods: twenty-eight articles, concerning non-enhanced MRA (13), gadolinium-enhanced MRA (14) or both (1), met the predefined requirement for quality.

Magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Design: Double blind set-up.

Setting: University medical school.

Evaluation of the uterine cavity with magnetic resonance imaging, transvaginal sonography, hysterosonographic examination, and diagnostic hysteroscopy.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS), hysterosonographic examination (HSE), and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of the uterine cavity.

Design: Independent double-blind study.

Setting: University medical hospital.