Larger Perfusion Mismatch Volume Is Associated With Longer Hospital Length of Stay in Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) following a stroke is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Factors predicting LOS in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO), impacting up to 40% of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases, remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the predictors of LOS in AIS-MeVO.

Epidemiology of bacterial biofilms on polyps and normal tissues in a screening colonoscopy cohort.

Background: Invasive bacterial biofilms are implicated in colorectal cancer. However, their prevalence on histologically normal tissues and polyps is not well established, and risk factors of biofilms have not been previously investigated. Here we evaluated potential procedural and demographic risk factors associated with biofilm status using a cross-sectional observational cohort.

Factors Associated With Prolonged Venous Transit in Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Strokes.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged venous transit (PVT), derived from computed tomography perfusion (CTP) time-to-maximum (T) maps, reflects compromised venous outflow (VO) in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO). Poor VO is associated with worse clinical outcomes, but pre-treatment markers predictive of PVT are not well described.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 189 patients with anterior circulation AIS-LVO who underwent baseline CT evaluation, including non-contrast CT, CT angiography, and CTP.

AM-PAC 6-Clicks Basic Mobility and Daily Activities Scores Predict 90-Day Modified Rankin Score in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Large Vessel Occlusion.

The relative level of functional impairment in stroke patients is a significant determinant of post-acute care. The Activity Measure for Post Acute Care 6-Clicks (AM-PAC) scores for basic mobility and daily activity are rapid standardized assessments whose utilities in predicting long-term stroke outcomes have not yet been studied. We performed a retrospective analysis of acute ischemic stroke patients and their outcomes.

Prolonged venous transit is associated with lower odds of excellent recovery after reperfusion in anterior large-vessel occlusion stroke.

Background And Purpose: Acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) remains a leading cause of disability despite successful reperfusion therapies. Prolonged venous transit (PVT) has emerged as a potential prognostic imaging biomarker in AIS-LVO. We aimed to investigate whether PVT is associated with a decreased likelihood of excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0-1 at 90 days) after successful reperfusion.

Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes in Patients with Poor Adherence to Cardiovascular Medication Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Medication adherence is an important issue in managing chronic CVD, directly influencing outcomes and healthcare costs.

Objectives: This systematic review, supported by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, evaluates the impact of poor adherence to cardiovascular medications on critical clinical outcomes such as death and cardiovascular events.

The Los Angeles Motor Scale is independently associated with cerebral blood flow < 30% volume in large vessel occlusions.

Background And Purpose: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the treatment standard for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. Under current guidelines, only patients with smaller ischemic core volumes (ICV) are eligible for MT. Thus, it is of interest to quickly estimate ICV in stroke patients.

Perfusion-Based Relative Cerebral Blood Volume Is Associated With Functional Dependence in Large-Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Pretreatment computed tomography perfusion parameter relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) lesion volume has been shown to predict 90-day modified Rankin Scale score in small-core strokes with Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score ≥5, including those with medium-vessel occlusions (mid and distal M2 segment occlusions). Hence, in this study we aim to assess the performance of different rCBV lesion volume thresholds (rCBV <42%, rCBV <38%, and rCBV <34%) with 90-day modified Rankin Scale score including patients with large core (Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score <5) and strictly including only patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion.

Methods And Results: In this retrospective evaluation of our prospectively collected database, inclusion criteria were (1) Computed tomographic angiography confirmed anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion from September 1, 2017, to October 1, 2023; and (2) diagnostic computed tomography perfusion.

Mismatch Vs No Mismatch in Large Core-A Matter of Definition.

Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has shown promise in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for large ischemic core stroke patients, yet variability in core definition and onset-to-imaging time creates heterogeneity in outcomes. This study aims to clarify the prevalence and implications of core-perfusion mismatch (MM) versus no mismatch (No MM) in such patients, utilizing established imaging criteria.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients from 7/29/2019 to 1/29/2023, with data extracted from a continuously maintained database.

Association of Pretreatment Perfusion Imaging Parameters With 90-Day Excellent Functional Outcomes in Anterior Circulation Distal Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Acute ischemic strokes caused by distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVO) represent a significant proportion of all stroke cases, yet the predictors of excellent functional outcomes in these patients remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify pretreatment computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters associated with excellent functional outcomes, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1 at 90 days, in patients with anterior circulation DMVO.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving patients with anterior DMVO, from three stroke centers within the Johns Hopkins Medical Enterprise.

CT perfusion derived relative cerebral blood volume < 42 % is negatively associated with poor functional outcomes at discharge in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke.

Background And Aim: Recent studies have shown that the CT Perfusion (CTP) parameter of rCBV < 42 % lesion volume can predict 90-day functional outcomes in stroke patients. However, its correlation with discharge outcomes, including functional dependence, has not been investigated. Our study aims to evaluate the relationship between rCBV < 42 % and poor functional outcomes at discharge, defined as a modified Rankin score (mRS) of 3 or higher.

Prolonged venous transit is associated with worse neurological recovery in successfully reperfused large vessel strokes.

Objective: Venous outflow (VO) impairment predicts unfavorable outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO). Prolonged venous transit (PVT), a visual qualitative VO marker on CT perfusion (CTP) time to maximum (Tmax) maps, has been associated with unfavorable 90-day functional outcomes despite successful reperfusion. This study investigates the association between PVT and percent change on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) among AIS-LVO patients who have undergone successful reperfusion.

Correlation Analysis Among the Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic and Antioxidative Activities of a Decoction for Endorsing Its Potential Application in Oncology.

Historically, botanical preparations have been used to improve human health. Their active ingredients are influenced by multiple factors such as intraspecies variations, environmental conditions, collection time and methods, and the part of the plant used. To ensure the efficiency and safety of these herbal drugs, qualitative and quantitative analyses are required.

AIDS mortality in Brazil, 2012-2022: a time series study.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a health problem in Brazil and worldwide. Without treatment, the infection can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), with a high mortality potential. The objective of this study was to analyze the time trend of AIDS mortality in Brazil, macro-regions, federal units and their respective capitals, from 2012 to 2022.

Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers.

Background: Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) experience persistent systemic inflammation and increased morbidity and mortality. Modulating the gut microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a novel therapeutic strategy. We aimed to evaluate proteomic changes in inflammatory pathways following repeated, low-dose FMT versus placebo.

High Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio Is Independently Associated with Very Poor Outcomes in Large Ischemic Core Stroke.

Background: Recent advances have highlighted the efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large ischemic core stroke, yet a significant portion still experience very poor outcomes, defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 5-6. This study aims to investigate the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) as a prognostic imaging parameter for these outcomes.

Methods: In a multicenter retrospective cohort study, data from consecutive patients undergoing EVT for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) at two comprehensive stroke centers were analyzed.

The Los Angeles motor scale (LAMS) and ASPECTS score are independently associated with DSA ASITN collateral score.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the treatment standard in eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) secondary to large vessel occlusions (LVO). Studies have shown that good collateral status is a strong predictor of MT efficacy, thus making collateral status important to quickly assess. The Los Angeles Motor Scale is a clinically validated tool for identifying LVO in the field.

Forensic International Dental Database (FIDBv2) for adult age-at-death estimation in multiple forensic contexts: Strengthening the operationalization of the Lamendin criteria in a global scope model.

The aim of this study is to validate the FIDBv2 online procedure for adult age-at-death estimation using root dentine translucency (RDT) and periodontal retraction (PR) of single-rooted teeth in a worldwide sample. The sample includes 4810 teeth of 2559 individuals from 16 countries of America, Europe and Asia. Bias and inaccuracy between documented (DA) and estimated ages (EA) were calculated.

Diagnostic Performance of ASL-MRI and FDG-PET in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: While the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is based mostly on clinical features, [F]-FDG-PET has been investigated as a potential imaging standard in ambiguous cases, with arterial spin-labeling (ASL) MRI gaining recent interest.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the diagnostic performance of ASL MRI in patients with FTD and compare it with that of [F]-FDG-PET.

Data Sources: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was conducted until March 13, 2024.

Simplifying venous outflow: Prolonged venous transit as a novel qualitative marker correlating with acute stroke outcomes.

Background: Prolonged venous transit (PVT), defined as presence of time-to-maximum 10 s within the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and/or torcula, is a novel, qualitatively assessed computed tomography perfusion surrogate parameter of venous outflow with potential utility in pretreatment acute ischemic stroke imaging for neuroprognostication. We aim to characterize the correlation between PVT and neurological functional outcomes in thrombectomy-treated patients.

Methods: A prospectively-collected database of large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombectomy was retrospectively analyzed.

Artificial intelligence/machine learning for neuroimaging to predict hemorrhagic transformation: Systematic review/meta-analysis.

Background And Purpose: Early and reliable prediction of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is crucial for treatment decisions and early intervention. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models that utilize neuroimaging to predict HT.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science was conducted until February 19, 2024.

Concurrent Acute Heart Failure and Renal Failure in Amyloid Light Chain Amyloidosis.

Introduction: Amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a multisystem disease with significant variability in patient presentation. This case describes the presentation and workup of a patient with unique multiorgan involvement on initial presentation.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old African American male presented with weakness, leg swelling, and shortness of breath.