Cytocompatible Hyperbranched Polyesters Capable of Altering the Ca Signaling in Neuronal Cells In Vitro.

Synthetic hyperbranched polyesters with potential therapeutic properties were synthesized using the bifunctional polyethylene glycol or PEG with different molecular weights, ca., 4000, 6000, and 20,000 g/mol, and the trifunctional -aconitic acid or TAA. During polycondensation, a fixed amount of PEG was allowed to react with varying amounts of TAA (1:1 and 1:3) to control the branching extents.

Evaluation of Osteogenic Potential of a Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Coating on Titanium.

Introduction: Reducing the healing period after surgical placement of dental implants can facilitate the loading of dental prostheses.

Aim: The aim is to compare the osteogenic potential of unmodified titanium disks with titanium disks that were surface-modified or hydrogel-coated.

Materials And Methodology: One hundred eight titanium disks (Ø6 × 2-mm) were divided into three groups: (1) unmodified titanium as control (Ti-C); (2) sandblasted and acid-etched (Ti-SLA), and (3) coated with tamarind kernel polysaccharide hydrogel grafted with acrylic acid (Ti-TKP-AA).

TRPV4 Activator-Containing CMT-Hy Hydrogel Enhances Bone Tissue Regeneration by Enhancing Mitochondrial Health.

Treating different types of bone defects is difficult, complicated, time-consuming, and expensive. Here, we demonstrate that transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive, thermogated, and nonselective cation channel, is endogenously present in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). TRPV4 regulates both cytosolic Ca levels and mitochondrial health.

Modulation of calcium-influx by carboxymethyl tamarind‑gold nanoparticles promotes biomineralization for tissue regeneration.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been reported to modulate bone tissue regeneration and are being extensively utilized in biomedical implementations attributable to their low cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and simplicity of functionalization. Lately, biologically synthesized nanoparticles have acquired popularity because of their environmentally acceptable alternatives for diverse applications. Here we report the green synthesis of AuNPs by taking the biopolymer Carboxymethyl Tamarind (CMT) as a unique reducing as well as a stabilizing agent.

Graphite nanopowder incorporated xanthan gum scaffold for effective bone tissue regeneration purposes with improved biomineralization.

In the current work, biomaterial composed of Xanthan gum and Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate with impregnation of graphite nanopowder filler in their matrices was fabricated successfully for their potential usage in the engineering of bone defects. Various physicochemical properties associated with the biomaterial were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM etc. The biomaterial rheological studies imparted the better notable properties associated with the inclusion of graphite nanopowder.

Hydrogel-Mediated Release of TRPV1 Modulators to Fine Tune Osteoclastogenesis.

Bone defects, including bone loss due to increased osteoclast activity, have become a global health-related issue. Osteoclasts attach to the bone matrix and resorb the same, playing a vital role in bone remodeling. Ca homeostasis plays a pivotal role in the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts.

Comparative evaluation of surface-modified zirconia for the growth of bone cells and early osseointegration.

Statement Of Problem: Rapid osseointegration between implant and bone tissue for early loading of a prosthesis with sufficient primary stability depends on the surface characteristics of the implant. The development and characterization of suitable surface coatings on dental implants is a major challenge.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the osteogenic potential and cytotoxicity of unmodified zirconia, acid-etched zirconia, bioactive glass-coated zirconia, and tamarind kernel polysaccharide with hydrophilic acrylic acid (TKP-AA) hydrogel-coated zirconia.

TRPM8 channel inhibitor-encapsulated hydrogel as a tunable surface for bone tissue engineering.

A major limitation in the bio-medical sector is the availability of materials suitable for bone tissue engineering using stem cells and methodology converting the stochastic biological events towards definitive as well as efficient bio-mineralization. We show that osteoblasts and Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Pools (BM-MSCP) express TRPM8, a Ca-ion channel critical for bone-mineralization. TRPM8 inhibition triggers up-regulation of key osteogenesis factors; and increases mineralization by osteoblasts.

Modified tamarind kernel polysaccharide-based matrix alters neuro-keratinocyte cross-talk and serves as a suitable scaffold for skin tissue engineering.

Advanced technologies like skin tissue engineering are requisite of various disorders where artificially synthesized materials need to be used as a scaffold in vivo, which in turn can allow the formation of functional skin and epidermal layer with all biological sensory functions. In this work, we present a set of hydrogels which have been synthesized by the method utilizing radical polymerization of a natural polymer extracted from kernel of Tamarindus indica, commonly known as Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP) modified by utilizing the monomer acrylic acid (AA) in different mole ratios. These materials are termed as TKP: AA hydrogels and characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), surface charge, and particle size distribution using Dynamic Light Scattering measurements.

Bio-extract amalgamated sodium alginate-cellulose nanofibres based 3D-sponges with interpenetrating BioPU coating as potential wound care scaffolds.

In this work, sodium alginate (SA) based "all-natural" composite bio-sponges were designed for potential application as wound care scaffold. The composite bio-sponges were developed from the aqueous amalgamation of SA and cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) in bio-extracts like Rice water (Rw) and Giloy extract (Ge). These sponges were modified by employing a simple coating strategy using vegetable oil-based bio-polyurethane (BioPU) to tailor their physicochemical and biological properties so as to match the specific requirements of a wound care scaffold.

Carbohydrate-Coated Gold-Silver Nanoparticles for Efficient Elimination of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria and Wound Healing.

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria have emerged as a major clinical challenge. The unavailability of effective antibiotics has necessitated the use of emerging nanoparticles as alternatives. In this work, we have developed carbohydrate-coated bimetallic nanoparticles (Au-AgNP, 30-40 nm diameter) that are nontoxic toward mammalian cells yet highly effective against MDR strains as compared to their monometallic counterparts (Ag-NP, Au-NP).

Aquasorbent guargum grafted hyperbranched poly (acrylic acid): A potential culture medium for microbes and plant tissues.

This study reports the synthesis of an unprecedented bio-based aquasorbent guargum-g-hyperbranched poly (acrylic acid); bGG-g-HBPAA by employing graft-copolymerization and "Strathclyde methodology" simultaneously in emulsion and its possible use as a sustainable nutrient bed for the effective growth of Anabaena cylindrica and Vigna radiata seedlings. The formation of bGG-g-HBPAA and the presence of hyperbranched architectures was confirmed from XRD, FTIR, C NMR, solubility, intrinsic viscosity, BET surface area/ pore size, SEM and rheology analyses. The synthesized grade with a branching percent of 65.

A polyester with hyperbranched architecture as potential nano-grade antibiotics: An in-vitro study.

A potential nanograde antibiotic with hyperbranched architecture was synthesized from melt esterification of poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG and Citric acid or CA with 1:1 mol composition. PEG of different molecular weights, c.a.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Polysaccharide Capped Silver Nanoparticles Is Not Compromised by AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump.

Antibacterial therapy is of paramount importance in treatment of several acute and chronic infectious diseases caused by pathogens. Over the years extensive use and misuse of antimicrobial agents has led to emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensive drug resistant (XDR) pathogens. This drastic escalation in resistant phenotype has limited the efficacy of available therapeutic options.

Hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted carboxy methyl tamarind (CMT-g-HEMA) polysaccharide based matrix as a suitable scaffold for skin tissue engineering.

Patho-physiologies related to skin are diverse in nature such as burns, skin ulcers, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis etc. which impose severe bio-medical problems and thus enforce requirement of new and healthy skin prepared through tissues engineering methodologies. However, fully functional and biodegradable matrix for attachment, growth, proliferation and differentiation of the relevant cells is not available.

Acrylic acid grafted tamarind kernel polysaccharide-based hydrogel for bone tissue engineering in absence of any osteo-inducing factors.

Purpose: With increased life expectancy, disorders in lifestyle and other clinical conditions, and the changes in the connective tissues such as in bone, impose diverse biomedical problems. Cells belong to osteogenic lineages are extremely specific for their surface requirements. Therefore, suitable surfaces are the critical bottle neck for successful bone tissue engineering.

A Modified Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Enhanced Osteogenic Maturation and Mineralization Independent of Differentiation Factors.

Bone related problems are increasing as a consequence of increased life expectancy, disorders in life style, and other medical conditions enforcing the need for functional bones prepared in vitro at affordable cost. Lack of suitable surface which promotes growth of both osteogenic and nonosteogenic cells is a major limitation. Here a novel biomaterial is reported that is synthesized from natural polysaccharide, namely, tamarind kernel polysaccharide (TKP), which is grafted with hydrophilic acrylic acid (AA) by radical polymerization.

Polysaccharide-capped silver Nanoparticles inhibit biofilm formation and eliminate multi-drug-resistant bacteria by disrupting bacterial cytoskeleton with reduced cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells.

Development of effective anti-microbial therapeutics has been hindered by the emergence of bacterial strains with multi-drug resistance and biofilm formation capabilities. In this article, we report an efficient green synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) by in situ reduction and capping with a semi-synthetic polysaccharide-based biopolymer (carboxymethyl tamarind polysaccharide). The CMT-capped AgNPs were characterized by UV, DLS, FE-SEM, EDX and HR-TEM.

Expression of temperature-sensitive ion channel TRPM8 in sperm cells correlates with vertebrate evolution.

Transient Receptor Potential cation channel, subfamily Melastatin, member 8 (TRPM8) is involved in detection of cold temperature, different noxious compounds and in execution of thermo- as well as chemo-sensitive responses at cellular levels. Here we explored the molecular evolution of TRPM8 by analyzing sequences from various species. We elucidate that several regions of TRPM8 had different levels of selection pressure but the 4th-5th transmembrane regions remain highly conserved.

A carboxy methyl tamarind polysaccharide matrix for adhesion and growth of osteoclast-precursor cells.

Remodeling of bone by tissue engineering is a realistic option for treating several bone-related pathophysiological ailments such as osteoporosis, bone tumor, bone cancer or abnormal bone development. But, these possibilities are hindered due to lack of proper natural and biodegradable surface on which bone precursor cells can adhere efficiently and grow further. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new hydrogel as an effective surface which can acts as a material for bone tissue engineering.

Thermosensitive ion channel TRPV1 is endogenously expressed in the sperm of a fresh water teleost fish (Labeo rohita) and regulates sperm motility.

Sperm cells exhibit extremely high sensitivity in response to slight changes in temperature, osmotic pressure and/or presence of various chemical stimuli. In most cases throughout the evolution, these physico-chemical stimuli trigger Ca (2+)-signaling and subsequently alter structure, cellular function, motility and survival of the sperm cells. Few reports have recently demonstrated the presence of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in the sperm cells from higher eukaryotes, mainly from higher mammals.

Importance of TRP channels in pain: implications for stress.

Though stress is an integrated part of the modern life, defining stress in biological systems is difficult. Anxiety, medication, metabolic disorder, neuro-endocrinological abnormalities, immunological responses, neuro-immune interaction and several other internal and external factors are important which induce stress and pain in higher organisms. Stress and pain are often synonymous and overlapping to a large extent, but these two responses are different at the behavioral, cellular and molecular levels.

Acrylic acid grafted guargum-nanosilica membranes for transdermal diclofenac delivery.

Green, hydrophobic device for controlled transdermal release of diclofenac sodium was designed from in situ nanosilica/acrylic acid grafted guargum membranes. Best grafting condition was assigned and nanocomposites were formed in situ using varying proportions of aqueous nanosilica sol. Nanocomposite/drug conjugates were formed by bringing down the medium pH from 9.

Right time - right location - right move: TRPs find motors for common functions.

TRP channels are localized at specialized sub-cellular compartments like filopodial tips, ciliary structures, growth cones and spines that have importance in the context of several sensory functions. Several motor proteins largely regulate these localizations. Recent studies indicate that both physical and genetic interactions exist between TRP channels with actin and microtubule-based motor proteins.