Incorporation of small extracellular vesicles in PEG/HA-Bio-Oss hydrogel composite scaffold for bone regeneration.

Stem cell derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for the repair of bone defects. However, low retention of sEVs affects their therapeutic effects. Clinically used natural substitute inorganic bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) bone powder lacks high compactibility and efficient osteo-inductivity that limit its clinical application in repairing large bone defects.

Analysis of gut microbiota-derived metabolites regulating pituitary neuroendocrine tumors through network pharmacology.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are a special class of tumors of the central nervous system that are closely related to metabolism, endocrine functions, and immunity. In this study, network pharmacology was used to explore the metabolites and pharmacological mechanisms of PitNET regulation by gut microbiota. The metabolites of the gut microbiota were obtained from the gutMGene database, and the targets related to the metabolites and PitNETs were determined using public databases.

Retracted: Long Non-Coding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) Enhances Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Pituitary Adenoma Cells by Activating β-Catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 Expression.

The Editors of Medical Science Monitor wish to inform you that the above manuscript has been retracted from publication due to concerns with the credibility and originality of the study, the manuscript content, and the Figure images. Reference: Yihua Zhang, Yang Tan, Hao Wang, Minhui Xu, Lunshan Xu. Long Non-Coding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) Enhances Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Pituitary Adenoma Cells by Activating ß-Catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 Expression.

Network pharmacology analysis and molecular mechanism of paeoniflorin and its metabolite in prolactinoma cells.

Prolactinoma was the most common functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumor tissue type, which was caused by excessive proliferation of pituitary prolactin (PRL) cells. Drug therapy of dopamine receptor agonists was generally considered as the prior treatment for prolactinoma patients. However, there were still prolactinoma patients who were resistant to dopamine agonists.

Loss of PTPRS elicits potent metastatic capability and resistance to temozolomide in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor type with worse clinical outcome due to the hallmarks of strong invasiveness, high rate of recurrence, and therapeutic resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line drug for GBM, representing a major challenge for successful GBM therapeutics. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive GBM progression will shed novel insight into therapeutic strategies. Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S (PTPRS) is a frequently mutated gene in human cancers, including GBM.

Flow-diverter stents combined with flow-T stenting-assisted coiling for the treatment of a large basilar apex aneurysm: a case report with a 9-month follow-up.

Background: Endovascular or surgical treatment of wide-neck, large basilar apex aneurysms is challenging. We present a novel concept for the treatment of complex basilar apex aneurysms using flow-diverter devices combined with the flow-T stenting-assisted coiling technique. Assess the efficacy and safety profile of the technique in this complex aneurysm.

lung infection managed as a pulmonary air cyst: a case report and literature review.

, the largest genus in the family and a prolific producer of antibacterial drugs, is a saprophytic soil organism that rarely causes invasive infections. Here we report a case of necrotic pneumonia caused by in a 75-year-old man who presented with progressive chest tightness and dyspnea. was isolated from his bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and identified through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 promotes blood-brain barrier recovery after traumatic brain injury.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment and glutamate release are two pathophysiological features of traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to secondary brain damage and neuroinflammation. However, our knowledge of BBB integrity damage and dysfunction are still limited due to the diverse and fluctuating expression of glutamate receptors after trauma. Here, we confirmed the downregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) on microvascular endothelial cell within the acute phase of TBI, and the recovered mGluR5 levels on BBB was positively associated with blood perfusion and neurological recovery.

ATAT1 deficiency enhances microglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis and hematoma absorption following intracerebral hemorrhage.

MIcroglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis plays a crucial role in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage. Dynamic cytoskeletal changes accompany phagocytosis. However, whether and how these changes are associated with microglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis remain unclear.

SARM suppresses glioma progression in GL261 glioma cells and regulates microglial polarization.

Microglia is the major cellular component of glioma mass that promotes glioma growth, invasion, and chemoresistance by releasing inflammatory factors. Sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif (SARM), a member of the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor family, is primarily expressed in the central nervous system. However, the role of SARM in glioma is still undefined.

Prediction of Cancer-Specific Survival of Brainstem Glioma in Children Based on Risk Stratification Model.

Objective: To develop and authenticate a risk stratification framework and nomogram for ascertaining cancer-specific survival (CSS) among the pediatric brainstem gliomas.

Methods: For patients less than 12 years, according to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), information from 1998 to 2016 is found in their databases. The survival outcomes, treatments, and demographic clinicopathologic conditions are scrutinized per the database validation, and training cohorts are divided and validated using multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Histones of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce CD11b Expression in Brain Pericytes Via Dectin-1 after Traumatic Brain Injury.

The brain pericyte is a unique and indispensable part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and contributes to several pathological processes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which pericytes are regulated in the damaged brain are largely unknown. Here, we show that the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induces the appearance of CD11b pericytes after TBI.

Morphological and Hemodynamic Risk Factors for the Rupture of Proximal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms (A1 Segment).

Objective: The treatment of unruptured small intracranial aneurysms remains controversial. A distinguishing characteristic of A1 segment aneurysms is that they tend to rupture when they are small, which may be related to their distinctive morphology and hemodynamics. Our study sought to investigate the rupture risk factors of A1 segment aneurysms by analyzing the clinical risk factors, morphology, and hemodynamic characteristics of A1 segment aneurysms.

Successful Treatment With Intrathecal and Intravenous Polymyxin B-Based Combination Against MDR Meningitis in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

Nosocomial meningitis with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) is a life-threatening complication in neurosurgery. Treatment of these infections is challenging because of poor penetration of the available antibiotics into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Intrathecal (ITH) or intraventricular (IVT) administration of antibiotics is increasingly used as the last treatment option against MDR/XDR Gram-negative bacteria meningitis not responding to intravenous (IV) regimens.

Image-driven classification of functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma by deep convolutional neural networks.

The secreting function of pituitary adenomas (PAs) plays a critical role in making the treatment strategies. However, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis for pituitary adenomas is labor intensive and highly variable among radiologists. In this work, by applying convolutional neural network (CNN), we built a segmentation and classification model to help distinguish functioning pituitary adenomas from non-functioning subtypes with 3D MRI images from 185 patients with PAs (two centers).

TRPV4 activates the Cdc42/N-wasp pathway to promote glioblastoma invasion by altering cellular protrusions.

The invasion ability of glioblastoma (GBM) causes tumor cells to infiltrate the surrounding brain parenchyma and leads to poor outcomes. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) exhibits a remarkable role in cancer cell motility, but the contribution of TRPV4 to glioblastoma metastasis is not fully understood. Here, we reported that TRPV4 expression was significantly elevated in malignant glioma compared to normal brain and low-grade glioma, and TRPV4 expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of glioma patients.

LEF1-AS1 is implicated in the malignant development of glioblastoma via sponging miR-543 to upregulate EN2.

Glioblastoma (GBM) has been regarded as the most aggressive disease in the nervous system. Accumulating literatures have illustrated the crucial role of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) network in the pathogenesis and progression of various tumors. The promoting effect of LEF1-AS1 on GBM development has been previously identified.

Presenilin1 exerts antiproliferative effects by repressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most common and devastating diseases in the central nervous system. The dysfunction of Presenilin1 is the main reason for AD pathogenesis. However, the molecular function of Presenilin1 and its relative mechanism in glioblastoma remain unclear.

Mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity in malignant glioma effectively predicts neoplastic recurrence.

Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is one of the most important causes of therapy resistance, which eventually leads to the poor outcomes observed in patients with glioma. Mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) values are based on whole-exon sequencing and precisely reflect genetic ITH. However, the significance of MATH values in predicting glioma recurrence remains unclear.

Apoptosis induction effect of polyphenol on human U87 glioma cells via NF-κB pathway.

polyphenol (AVP) was used in glioma cells culture to prove the growth inhibitory effect of AVP on human U87 glioma cells via NF-κB pathway. The MTT assay, DAPI morphology, quantitative PCR and western blot experiments were used for determination . AVP can also induce U87 cancer cells apoptosis illustrated by DAPI morphology.

High expression of the transcriptional coactivator TAZ is associated with a worse prognosis and affects cell proliferation in patients with medulloblastoma.

The transcriptional coactivator tafazzin (TAZ) serves pivotal roles in organ development, tumor initiation and tumor progression. However, to the best of our knowledge, the expression of TAZ and its clinical significance in human medulloblastoma have not been defined. The present study aimed to clarify the clinical and biological significance of TAZ expression in human medulloblastoma.

Long Non-Coding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) Enhances Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Pituitary Adenoma Cells by Activating β-Catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 Expression.

BACKGROUND As a kind of benign tumor, pituitary adenomas have attracted increasing attention from researchers. The plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a molecule in the lncRNA family protein that has been proven to play critical roles in many cancers; however, no study has explored the special biological roles of PVT1 in pituitary adenoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The qRT-PCR assay was conducted to evaluate PVT1 expressions in various cell lines and tissues.

A persistent primitive hypoglossal artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery convergence aneurysm treated by stent-assisted coil embolization: A case report.

Rationale: Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is often associated with intracranial anomalies such as aneurysms. Surgical treatment of aneurysms on the PPHA is challenging due to that the posterior circulation depends solely on PPHA.

Patient Concerns: A case of an 83-year-old woman with a large aneurysm on PPHA presented with vertigo was reported.