Challenge GP: using gamification to bring the reality and uncertainty of a duty doctor's surgery to early year medical students.

Exposing medical student cohorts to the lived reality of uncertainty and complexity experienced by GPs is challenging to achieve. We present a novel teaching concept: 'Challenge GP' designed for early years students. Gamification methodology is used to reproduce key elements of the 'duty GP' experience in a classroom setting where working in teams, students play a competitive card game.

Novel passive detection approach reveals low breeding season survival and apparent lactation cost in a critically endangered cave bat.

Capture-mark-recapture/resight (CMR) methods are used for survival-rate studies, yet are often limited by small sample sizes. Advances in passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology have enabled passive detection or 'resight' of marked individuals using large antennas with greater read-ranges than previously possible. We used passively-detected resight data and CMR models to study survival rates of the southern bent-winged bat Miniopterus orianae bassanii, a critically endangered, cave-dwelling bat.

An innovative and authentic way of learning how to consult remotely in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Medical students preparing to undertake general practice (GP) placements need to be equipped with the unique skills required to successfully utilise and adapt to current and emerging remote consultation modalities used in primary care and integrate this into their day-to-day clinical practice. Medical educators needed to flexibly and quickly cater learning to the evolving landscape.A three-hour teaching session was devised to be delivered to 50 students online via Microsoft Teams™ and facilitated by five general practice tutors in groups of 10, prior to students' GP placements.

Insectivorous bats are less active near freeways.

Traffic disturbances (i.e. pollution, light, noise, and vibrations) often extend into the area surrounding a road creating a 'road-effect zone'.

Nest boxes do not cause a shift in bat community composition in an urbanised landscape.

Nest boxes are often used to provide supplementary roosts for cavity-dependent wildlife, but little is known about if they influence faunal community composition. Long-term monitoring of bat boxes in south-eastern Australia indicated that their use was dominated by one generalist species (Chalinolobus gouldii), causing concern that installing bat boxes could cause a shift toward less diverse bat communities. To test this, we conducted a large-scale before-after control-impact experiment at 18 sites, over five years.

Artificial lighting reduces the effectiveness of wildlife-crossing structures for insectivorous bats.

In an attempt to improve cost-effectiveness, it has become increasingly popular to adapt wildlife crossing structures to enable people to also use them for safe passage across roads. However, the required needs of humans and wildlife may conflict, resulting in a structure that does not actually provide the perceived improvement in cost-effectiveness, but instead a reduction in conservation benefits. For example, lighting within crossing structures for human safety at night may reduce use of the structure by nocturnal wildlife, thus contributing to barrier and mortality effects of roads rather than mitigating them.

TRAUMA FOUND TO BE A SIGNIFICANT CAUSE OF DEATH IN A PATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF BENT-WINGED BATS ( ).

Determining the causes of mortality in endangered species is essential to understanding the possible reasons behind their decline and to facilitating the implementation of mitigating steps. The southern bent-winged bat () is a critically endangered Australian bat whose population numbers have decreased over the past 50 years. As part of a larger investigation to determine if disease could be a contributing factor to the decline, 27 southern bent-winged bats and one closely related eastern bent-winged bat () that died during the study were necropsied and examined histologically.

High detectability with low impact: Optimizing large PIT tracking systems for cave-dwelling bats.

Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology permits the "resighting" of animals tagged for ecological research without the need for physical re-trapping. Whilst this is effective if animals pass within centimeters of tag readers, short-distance detection capabilities have prevented the use of this technology with many species. To address this problem, we optimized a large (15 m long) flexible antenna system to provide a .

Little evidence of a road-effect zone for nocturnal, flying insects.

Roads and traffic may be contributing to global declines of insect populations. The ecological effects of roads often extend far into the surrounding habitat, over a distance known as the road-effect zone. The quality of habitat in the road-effect zone is generally degraded (e.

and haemoplasma infections not associated with clinical signs in southern bent-winged bats () and eastern bent-winged bats ().

While bats are often viewed as carriers of infectious disease agents, little research has been conducted on the effects these pathogens may have on the bat populations themselves. The southern bent-winged bat () is a critically endangered subspecies endemic to south-eastern Australia. Population numbers of this bat have declined over the past 50 years, but the reasons for this are unclear.

Ectoparasites are unlikely to be a primary cause of population declines of bent-winged bats in south-eastern Australia.

While bats carry a diverse range of ectoparasites, little research has been conducted on the effects these organisms may have on bat populations. The southern bent-winged bat () is a critically endangered subspecies endemic to south-eastern Australia, whose numbers have declined over the past 50 years for unknown reasons. As part of a larger study to investigate the potential role of disease in these declines, southern bent-winged bats from four locations were captured and examined for the presence of bat flies, mites, ticks and the nematode (previously associated with skin nodules in bent-winged bats).

Two subspecies of bent-winged bats (Miniopterus orianae bassanii and oceanensis) in southern Australia have diverse fungal skin flora but not Pseudogymnoascus destructans.

Fungi are increasingly being documented as causing disease in a wide range of faunal species, including Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungus responsible for white nose syndrome which is having a devastating impact on bats in North America. The population size of the Australian southern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus orianae bassanii), a critically endangered subspecies, has declined over the past 50 years. As part of a larger study to determine whether disease could be a contributing factor to this decline, southern bent-winged bats were tested for the presence of a range of potentially pathogenic fungi: P.

Virus survey in populations of two subspecies of bent-winged bats (Miniopterus orianae bassanii and oceanensis) in south-eastern Australia reveals a high prevalence of diverse herpesviruses.

While bats are often viewed as carriers of infectious disease agents, little research has been conducted on the effects these potential pathogens may have on the bat populations themselves. The southern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus orianae bassanii) is a critically endangered subspecies endemic to south-eastern Australia. Population numbers of this bat have been declining for the past 50 years, but the reasons for this are unclear.

Surface reflectance drives nest box temperature profiles and thermal suitability for target wildlife.

Thermal properties of tree hollows play a major role in survival and reproduction of hollow-dependent fauna. Artificial hollows (nest boxes) are increasingly being used to supplement the loss of natural hollows; however, the factors that drive nest box thermal profiles have received surprisingly little attention. We investigated how differences in surface reflectance influenced temperature profiles of nest boxes painted three different colors (dark-green, light-green, and white: total solar reflectance 5.

Urban bat communities are affected by wetland size, quality, and pollution levels.

Wetlands support unique biota and provide important ecosystem services. These services are highly threatened due to the rate of loss and relative rarity of wetlands in most landscapes, an issue that is exacerbated in highly modified urban environments. Despite this, critical ecological knowledge is currently lacking for many wetland-dependent taxa, such as insectivorous bats, which can persist in urban areas if their habitats are managed appropriately.

PO-21 - Stromal fibroblasts in preinvasive breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS) demonstrate a cancer-like procoagulant phenotypic switch that may facilitate invasion.

Introduction: Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) is a preinvasive breast cancer where cancer cells remain confined within the ductal basement membrane. However, genotypic changes have been identified in stroma surrounding DCIS, outside the basement membrane. Stromal fibroblasts undergo phenotypic change in cancer to promote tumour angiogenesis, proliferation, immunosuppression and metastasis and in vivo can induce invasion of DCIS.

Interspecific and geographic variation in the diets of sympatric carnivores: dingoes/wild dogs and red foxes in south-eastern Australia.

Dingoes/wild dogs (Canis dingo/familiaris) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are widespread carnivores in southern Australia and are controlled to reduce predation on domestic livestock and native fauna. We used the occurrence of food items in 5875 dingo/wild dog scats and 11,569 fox scats to evaluate interspecific and geographic differences in the diets of these species within nine regions of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The nine regions encompass a wide variety of ecosystems.

High levels of activity of bats at gold mining water bodies: implications for compliance with the International Cyanide Management Code.

Wildlife and livestock are known to visit and interact with tailings dam and other wastewater impoundments at gold mines. When cyanide concentrations within these water bodies exceed a critical toxicity threshold, significant cyanide-related mortality events can occur in wildlife. Highly mobile taxa such as birds are particularly susceptible to cyanide toxicosis.

Hypersalinity reduces the risk of cyanide toxicosis to insectivorous bats interacting with wastewater impoundments at gold mines.

Wildlife and livestock that ingest bioavailable cyanide compounds in gold mining tailings dams are known to experience cyanide toxicosis. Elevated levels of salinity in open impoundments have been shown to prevent wildlife cyanide toxicosis by reducing drinking and foraging. This finding appears to be consistent for diurnal wildlife interacting with open impoundments, however the risks to nocturnal wildlife of cyanide exposure are unknown.

Nose and vein, speed and pain: comparing the use of intranasal diamorphine and intravenous morphine in a Scottish paediatric emergency department.

Background: Urgent analgesia is essential for all children who present in severe pain, but difficulties in obtaining venous access can delay the use of adequate opiate analgesia. Intranasal diamorphine (IND) is now in use in around 60% of emergency departments and is the preferred choice of analgesia as reported by both parents and healthcare professionals. While IND has similar efficacy to intramuscular morphine in children, no study has compared its use against the current gold standard, intravenous morphine (IVM).

Choroidal dendritic cells require activation to present antigen and resident choroidal macrophages potentiate this response.

Background/aim: The uveal compartment of the eye contains extensive networks of resident macrophages and dendritic cells. These cells are now recognised to have a role in many ocular pathologies. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterise, and compare the function of ciliary body/choroid dendritic cells and macrophages from the normal eye.