A single-cell atlas of immunocytes in the spleen of a mouse model of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a disorder characterized by rare X-linked genetic immune deficiency with mutations in the Was gene, which is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. The spleen plays a major role in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance. However, to date, comprehensive analyses of the spleen in wild-type (WT) and WASp-deficient (WAS-KO) mice, especially at the transcriptome level, have not been reported.

Anthraquinones as Potential Antibiofilm Agents Against Methicillin-Resistant .

Biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant (MRSA) are one of the contributing factors to recurrent nosocomial infection in humans. There is currently no specific treatment targeting on biofilms in clinical trials approved by FDA, and antibiotics remain the primary therapeutic strategy. In this study, two anthraquinone compounds isolated from a rare actinobacterial strain R62, 3,8-dihydroxy-l-methylanthraquinon-2-carboxylic acid () and 3,6,8-trihydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (), together with their 10 commercial analogs - were evaluated for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MRSA, which led to the discovery of two potential antibiofilm anthraquinone compounds anthraquinone-2-carboxlic acid () and rhein ().

Prevalent cytidylation and uridylation of precursor miRNAs in Arabidopsis.

A key step in microRNA biogenesis is the processing of a primary precursor RNA by the microprocessor into a precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) intermediate. In plants, little is known about the processes that act on pre-miRNAs to influence miRNA biogenesis. Here, we performed 3' rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends sequencing to profile pre-miRNA 3' ends in Arabidopsis.

The U-box family genes in Medicago truncatula: Key elements in response to salt, cold, and drought stresses.

The ubiquitination pathway regulates growth, development, and stress responses in plants, and the U-box protein family of ubiquitin ligases has important roles in this pathway. Here, 64 putative U-box proteins were identified in the Medicago truncatula genome. In addition to the conserved U-box motif, other functional domains, such as the ARM, kinase, KAP, and WD40 domains, were also detected.

Identification and expression profiling of Oryza sativa nucleotidyl transferase protein (NTP) genes under various stress conditions.

Nucleotidyl transferase proteins (NTPs) modify the 3' ends of mature small RNAs, leading to their stabilization or degradation. The first two plant NTPs, HESO1 and URT1, were identified in Arabidopsis. These two NTPs act cooperatively to uridylate the 3' terminal nucleotide of specific miRNAs, leading to their degradation and thereby affecting the expression of genes regulated by these miRNAs.