Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of L-arginine Administration After Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats.

Aim: To investigate the effect of fluid resuscitation and L-arginine administration on oxidant status markers, blood gases, lactate and apoptosis in the brain tissue of a rat model of TBI with hemorrhagic shock.

Material And Methods: A total of 60 rats were divided into six groups: control, isotonic saline-treated, 7.5% NaCl-treated (hypertonic saline), L-arginine-treated (100 mg/kg), saline + L-arginine-treated and 7.

Effect of oleanolic acid for prevention of acute lung injury and apoptosis.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of oleanolic acid on acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Methods: The study included 70 female Wistar albino rats (weighing 180 to 200 g). We created seven groups, each consisting of 10 rats.

Modulation of oxidative-nitrosative stress and inflammatory response by rapamycin in target and distant organs in rats exposed to hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion: the role of mammalian target of rapamycin.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been recognized with potential immunomodulatory properties playing an important role in various physiopathological processes including ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R injury stimulate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. Controversial results have been obtained in different I/R models following localized I/R; however, the precise role of the mTOR signaling pathway remains undefined.

The role of Syk/IĸB-α/NF-ĸB pathway activation in the reversal effect of BAY 61-3606, a selective Syk inhibitor, on hypotension and inflammation in a rat model of zymosan-induced non-septic shock.

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, plays an important role in allergic diseases and inflammation. Syk triggers several intracellular signalling cascades including Toll-like receptor signalling to activate inflammatory responses following fungal infection but the role of this enzyme in zymosan (ZYM)-induced non-septic shock and its impacts on hypotension and inflammation in rats is not well understood. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Syk inhibition on ZYM-induced alterations in the expression and/or activities of Syk, inhibitor ĸB (IĸB)-α, and nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB) p65.

Activation of mTOR/IκB-α/NF-κB pathway contributes to LPS-induced hypotension and inflammation in rats.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase plays an important role in various pathophysiological processes including cancer, metabolic diseases, and inflammation. Although mTOR participates in Toll-like receptor 4 signalling in different cell types, the role of this enzyme in sepsis pathogenesis and its effects on hypotension and inflammation in endotoxemic rats remains unclear. In this study we investigated the effects of mTOR inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes on expressions and/or activities of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), an mTOR substrate, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, inhibitor κB (IκB)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 with production of nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, prostacyclin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), which results in hypotension and inflammation.

Contribution of RhoA/Rho-kinase/MEK1/ERK1/2/iNOS pathway to ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation leading to distant and target organ injury in rats.

The small G protein RhoA and its downstream effector Rho-kinase play an important role in various physiopathological processes including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by iNOS and NADPH oxidase are important mediators of inflammation and organ injury following an initial localized I/R event. The aim of this study was to determine whether RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway increases the expression and activity of MEK1, ERK1/2, iNOS, gp91(phox), and p47(phox), and peroxynitrite formation which result in oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation leading to hindlimb I/R-induced injury in kidney as a distant organ and gastrocnemius muscle as a target organ.

CYP2C19 gene polymorphism may be a risk factor for bronchial asthma.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 plays a role in susceptibility to bronchial asthma.

Subjects And Methods: 104 healthy individuals who visited our hospital, including hospital staff, and 97 patients with bronchial asthma (62 atopic and 35 nonatopic) participated in this study. CYPC19*2 and CYP21C9*3 alleles were detected by using LightCycler and CYP2C19 mutation detection kits by real-time PCR with LightCycler.

N-acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphism in patients with cervical cancer.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphism in the development of cervical cancer by comparing patients having invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with healthy control subjects. The study group consisted of 42 women with invasive cervical SCC and 50 control subjects. All of the patients were primarily treated with surgical intervention.

Role of CYP2C19 polymorphisms in patients with endometriosis.

Aim: To investigate the association of CYP2C19 genotypes with endometriosis.

Methods: The study included 100 women who underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy: 50 patients with endometriosis diagnosed with surgery and histopathology, and 50 control subjects who had no evidence of endometriosis during exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy. Genomic DNA of subjects was extracted from the whole blood using High Pure PCR template preparation kit.