Bioorthogonally activated probes for precise fluorescence imaging.

Over the past two decades, bioorthogonal chemistry has undergone a remarkable development, challenging traditional assumptions in biology and medicine. Recent advancements in the design of probes tailored for bioorthogonal applications have met the increasing demand for precise imaging, facilitating the exploration of complex biological systems. These state-of-the-art probes enable highly sensitive, low background, imaging of biological species and events within live organisms, achieving resolutions comparable to the size of the biomolecule under investigation.

Anti-PD-L1 antibody ASC22 in combination with a histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide as a "shock and kill" strategy for ART-free virological control: a phase II single-arm study.

The combination of ASC22, an anti-PD-L1 antibody potentially enhancing HIV-specific immunity and chidamide, a HIV latency reversal agent, may serve as a strategy for antiretroviral therapy-free virological control for HIV. People living with HIV, having achieved virological suppression, were enrolled to receive ASC22 and chidamide treatment in addition to their antiretroviral therapy. Participants were monitored over 24 weeks to measure changes in viral dynamics and the function of HIV-specific CD8 T cells (NCT05129189).

Prevalence and associated factors of low bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: This study examined low bone mineral density (BMD) prevalence and associated factors among Chinese people living with HIV (PLWH), uncovering a persistent high BMD risk in older individuals, even after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Notably, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) therapy was linked to reduced BMD, highlighting the imperative need for regular BMD monitoring and interventions in older PLWH.

Purpose: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been shown to contribute to lower BMD, resulting in an increased susceptibility to osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Fluorescent Probes for Disease Diagnosis.

The identification and detection of disease-related biomarkers is essential for early clinical diagnosis, evaluating disease progression, and for the development of therapeutics. Possessing the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescent probes have become effective tools for monitoring disease-related active molecules at the cellular level and . In this review, we describe current fluorescent probes designed for the detection and quantification of key bioactive molecules associated with common diseases, such as organ damage, inflammation, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and brain disorders.

Comprehensive risk factor predictions for 3-year survival among HIV-associated and disseminated cryptococcosis involving lungs and central nervous system.

Background: The global mortality rate resulting from HIV-associated cryptococcal disease is remarkably elevated, particularly in severe cases with dissemination to the lungs and central nervous system (CNS). Regrettably, there is a dearth of predictive analysis regarding long-term survival, and few studies have conducted longitudinal follow-up assessments for comparing anti-HIV and antifungal treatments.

Methods: A cohort of 83 patients with HIV-related disseminated cryptococcosis involving the lung and CNS was studied for 3 years to examine survival.

Clinical Characteristics of Infection Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study in Fujian, China.

Objective: This study aimed to describe and compare the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics as well as the complications, treatments, and outcomes of these patients.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated clinical data of patients with infection (psittacosis) in eight Grade IIIA hospitals of Fujian. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was used identify in clinical samples of all included patients.

De Novo Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore-Based Probes for Capturing Latent Fingerprints Using a Portable System.

Rapid visualization of latent fingerprints, preferably at their point of origin, is essential for effective crime scene evaluation. Here, we present a new class of green fluorescent protein chromophore-based fluorescent dyes (LFP-Yellow and LFP-Red) that can be used for real-time visualization of LFPs within 10 s. Compared with traditional chemical reagents for LFPs, these fluorescent dyes are completely water-soluble, exhibit low cytotoxicity, and are harmless to users.

Unveiling the Crucial Roles of O and ATP in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Using Dual-Color/Reversible Fluorescence Imaging.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is mainly responsible for morbidity or death due to graft rejection after liver transplantation. During HIRI, superoxide anion (O) and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) have been identified as pivotal biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and energy metabolism, respectively. However, how the temporal and spatial fluctuations of O and ATP coordinate changes in HIRI and particularly how they synergistically regulate each other in the pathological mechanism of HIRI remains unclear.

Use of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected patients with advanced cancer: a single-center study from China.

Background: Anti-PD-1 antibodies have been approved for treating several cancer. However, data regarding the safety and efficacy of these agents in HIV-infected patients with cancer is lacking, because these patients are frequently omitted from clinical trials.

Objectives: The primary aim of our research is to assess the safety, activity, and long-term outcomes of PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of HIV-infected patients with advanced cancer.

Purification and Structure Characterization of the Crude Polysaccharide from the Fruiting Bodies of and Its Modulation Effects on Gut Microbiota.

Polysaccharides from the species of Boletaceae (Boletales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) are economically significant to both functional foods and medicinal industries. The crude polysaccharide from (BPP) was prepared, and its physicochemical properties were characterized through the use of consecutive experimental apparatus, and its impact on the gut microbiota of Kunming mice was evaluated. Analyses of the structure characteristics revealed that BPP was mainly composed of Man, Glc, and Gal, possessing the pyranose ring and β/α-glycosidic linkages.

The design of small-molecule prodrugs and activatable phototherapeutics for cancer therapy.

Cancer remains as one of the most significant health problems, with approximately 19 million people diagnosed worldwide each year. Chemotherapy is a routinely used method to treat cancer patients. However, current treatment options lack the appropriate selectivity for cancer cells, are prone to resistance mechanisms, and are plagued with dose-limiting toxicities.

An endoplasmic reticulum targeting green fluorescent protein chromophore-based probe for the detection of viscosity.

The occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is the main cause of a variety of biological processes that are closely related to numerous diseases. The homeostasis of the ER microenvironment can be disrupted under ER stress. In this research, by linking a pentafluorophenyl to the green fluorescent protein chromophore, we have developed a new ER-targeting fluorescent probe (GE-Y) for measuring changes of intracellular ER viscosity caused by ER stress.

Precision Navigation of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Guided by Lysosomal Viscosity-Activatable NIR-II Fluorescence.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is responsible for postoperative liver dysfunction and liver failure. Precise and rapid navigation of HIRI lesions is critical for early warning and timely development of pretreatment plans. Available methods for assaying liver injury fail to provide the exact location of lesions in real time intraoperatively.

Green Fluorescent Protein GFP-Chromophore-Based Probe for the Detection of Mitochondrial Viscosity in Living Cells.

Viscosity is a pivotal factor for indicating the dysfunction of the mitochondria. To date, most of the fluorescent probes developed for mitochondrial viscosity have been designed using BODIPY, hemicyanine, or pyridine-based molecular rotors as part of the core structure. Our aim with this research was to extend the range of suitable fluorophores available for the construction of such fluorescent molecular rotors for evaluating the viscosity of mitocondria.

Dual-Channel Fluorescent Probe for the Simultaneous Monitoring of Peroxynitrite and Adenosine-5'-triphosphate in Cellular Applications.

Changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and peroxynitrite (ONOO) concentrations have been correlated in a number of diseases including ischemia-reperfusion injury and drug-induced liver injury. Herein, we report the development of a fluorescent probe ATP-LW, which enables the simultaneous detection of ONOO and ATP. ONOO selectively oxidizes the boronate pinacol ester of ATP-LW to afford the fluorescent 4-hydroxy-1,8-naphthalimide product NA-OH (λ = 450 nm, λ = 562 nm or λ = 488 nm, λ = 568 nm).

Two-photon ESIPT-based fluorescent probe using 4-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione for the detection of peroxynitrite.

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based fluorophores with two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) are rare. Our aim with this research was to develop ESIPT-based fluorophores exhibiting TPEF. Herein, we used 4-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione as a scaffold to develop a two-photon fluorescent probe BHID-Bpin, for the detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO).

Small molecule based fluorescent chemosensors for imaging the microenvironment within specific cellular regions.

The microenvironment (local environment), including viscosity, temperature, polarity, hypoxia, and acidic-basic status (pH), plays indispensable roles in cellular processes. Significantly, organelles require an appropriate microenvironment to perform their specific physiological functions, and disruption of the microenvironmental homeostasis could lead to malfunctions of organelles, resulting in disorder and disease development. Consequently, monitoring the microenvironment within specific organelles is vital to understand organelle-related physiopathology.

Fluorescent probe for the imaging of superoxide and peroxynitrite during drug-induced liver injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of potentially fatal liver disease. Herein, we report the development of a molecular probe () for the detection and imaging of two biomarkers involved in DILI. Initially, primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide (O˙) selectively activates a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) output by generating fluorophore .

Fluorescent small organic probes for biosensing.

Small-molecule based fluorescent probes are increasingly important for the detection and imaging of biological signaling molecules due to their simplicity, high selectivity and sensitivity, whilst being non-invasive, and suitable for real-time analysis of living systems. With this perspective we highlight sensing mechanisms including Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), photoinduced electron transfer (PeT), excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), aggregation induced emission (AIE) and multiple modality fluorescence approaches including dual/triple sensing mechanisms (DSM or TSM). Throughout the perspective we highlight the remaining challenges and suggest potential directions for development towards improved small-molecule fluorescent probes suitable for biosensing.

Dual-locked spectroscopic probes for sensing and therapy.

Optical imaging probes allow us to detect and uncover the physiological and pathological functions of an analyte of interest at the molecular level in a non-invasive, longitudinal manner. By virtue of simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, adaptation to automated analysis, capacity for spatially resolved imaging and diverse signal output modes, optical imaging probes have been widely applied in biology, physiology, pharmacology and medicine. To build a reliable and practically/clinically relevant probe, the design process often encompasses multidisciplinary themes, including chemistry, biology and medicine.