Reduction of cytotoxicity and DNA double-strand break effects of wastewater by ferrate(VI): Roles of oxidation and coagulation.

Ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) can oxidize individual pollutants, but the pollutant oxidation does not necessarily result in toxicity reduction. Besides, Fe(VI) resultant Fe(III) particles has previously been used to remove heavy metals, but its influence on organic matter and toxicity of wastewater is unknown. This study investigated influence of Fe(VI) on the cytotoxicity and DNA double-strand break (DSB) effects of secondary effluents from wastewater treatment plants to Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Toxicity of Ozonated Wastewater to HepG2 Cells: Taking Full Account of Nonvolatile, Volatile, and Inorganic Byproducts.

Wastewater ozonation forms various toxic byproducts, such as aldehydes, bromate, and organic bromine. However, there is currently no clear understanding of the overall toxicity changes in ozonated wastewater because pretreatment with solid phase extraction cannot retain inorganic bromate and volatile aldehydes, yet contributions of known ozonation byproducts to toxicity are unknown. Moreover, compared with bromate, organic bromine did not receive widespread attention.

Comprehensive GC×GC-qMS with a mass-to-charge ratio difference extraction method to identify new brominated byproducts during ozonation and their toxicity assessment.

Ozonation might increase the risk of wastewater due to byproduct formation, especially in the presence of bromide. In this study, a new analytical method was developed to identify new brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs) during ozonation, using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS) connected with an electron capture detector in parallel. The obtained data were analyzed using a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) difference extraction method.

Non-volatile disinfection byproducts are far more toxic to mammalian cells than volatile byproducts.

Water is often chlorinated to protect public health, but chlorination causes harmful disinfection byproducts to form. Currently available in vitro assays generally determine non-volatile disinfection byproduct (NVDBP) toxicities because of the limitation of pretreatments used, but chemical analyses and regulations are focused on volatile disinfection byproducts (VDBPs) such as trihalomethanes. The gap of VDBP toxicities have been of concern for some time.

Ammonia-Mediated Bromate Inhibition during Ozonation Promotes the Toxicity Due to Organic Byproduct Transformation.

Ammonia (NH) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) have been widely used to inhibit bromate formation during ozonation. However, organic byproducts can also pose a risk under these conditions. During bromate inhibition, the influence of NH and HO on organic byproducts and their toxicity should be elucidated.

[Integrated regional network construction for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction care].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of establishing an integrated regional network for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care in China and evaluate the implementation effect of this network.

Methods: Based on real-time electrocardiogram transmission technology, we established an integrated regional network for STEMI care (IRN-STEMI) with Xiamen Heart Center as the core center, 120 Emergency Systems, PCI-capable hospitals and other community health units as core elements of this network. Reperfusion treatment data of Xiamen Heart Center including the number of patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the mean first medical contact to balloon (FMC-to-B) time, the mean door to balloon (D-to-B) time, the mean length of hospital stay, the mean medical cost and in-hospital mortality were compared before (n = 165) and at 1 year after the built-up of IRN-STEMI (n = 343).

[Evaluation of eustachian tube function with impedance audiometry in chronic suppurative otitis media].

Objective: To evaluate the Eustachian tube function with impedance audiometry of the various types, durations and status of chronic suppurative otitis media.

Method: The Eustachian tube functions of 368 patients (402 ears) of chronic suppurative otitis media were measured by the manual model of reading meter and regulating air pressure with impedance audiometry. The data were analysed statistically.