Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Children With Wilms' Tumour: A 15-year Experience in a Single Centre in Nigeria.

Background: Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common paediatric renal tumor and is one of the most treatment-responsive solid tumours. Survival from Wilms tumour (WT) in sub-Saharan Africa remains dismal as a result of late presentation, treatment abandonment and infrastructure deficit. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical outcome of children with Wilms tumour managed in a Nigerian referral centre over a 15-year period.

Pediatric Groin Surgeries: A Comparison of Analgesic Effects of Caudal Block and Inguinal Field Block Using Plain Bupivacaine.

Introduction: There is a paucity of studies in the West African sub-region which have compared both the intraoperative and postoperative analgesic effects of caudal block and inguinal field block using plain bupivacaine in groin surgeries in children. The study aimed to compare the duration of analgesia and complications of caudal block and inguinal field block in pediatric groin surgeries.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind randomized study conducted at a tertiary health institution in North Central, Nigeria, over a period of 6 months.

Paediatric Acute Appendicitis: A Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Three Pre-operative Diagnostic Modalities.

Introduction: The diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) is usually clear cut but sometimes there is atypical presentation of this condition in children. There is a need to determine and compare the diagnostic accuracy of these three pre-operative diagnostic modalities: Paediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS), abdominal ultrasonographic scan (USS) findings, and serum C-reactive proteins (CRPs). The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the three diagnostic modalities and to compare each diagnostic test result with the histopathological results of the appendix specimens.

Short-Term Outcomes of Treatment of Boys with Posterior Urethral Valves.

Background: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among male children resulting in renal failure in 25%-30% before adolescence irrespective of initial treatment. This study aimed at evaluating the early outcomes of children managed for PUV.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study of all children who were treated for PUV between 2012 and 2016 at a single referral institution.

Analysis of Presentations and Outcomes of Care of Children with Disorders of Sexual Development in a Nigerian Hospital.

Study Objective: To describe the presentation, diagnosis, management, and short-term outcome of children with disorders of sexual development (DSD) in the context of multidisciplinary team care.

Design: Prospective descriptive study.

Setting: University Teaching Hospital.

Identification of paternal uniparental disomy on chromosome 22 and a de novo deletion on chromosome 18 in individuals with orofacial clefts.

Background: Orofacial clefts are the most common malformations of the head and neck region. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of these traits.

Methods: We recently conducted genotyping of individuals from the African population using the multiethnic genotyping array (MEGA) to identify common genetic variation associated with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts.

International Study of the Epidemiology of Paediatric Trauma: PAPSA Research Study.

Objectives: Trauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The literature on paediatric trauma epidemiology in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study aims to gather epidemiological data on paediatric trauma.

Multidisciplinary approach to genomics research in Africa: the AfriCRAN model.

This article is an outcome of the African Craniofacial Anomalies Research Network (AfriCRAN) Human Hereditary and Health (H3A) grant planning meeting in 2012 in Lagos, Nigeria. It describes the strengths of a multidisciplinary team approach to solving complex genetic traits in the craniofacial region. It also highlights the different components and argues for the composition of similar teams to fast track the discovery of disease genes, diagnostic tools, improved clinical treatment and ultimately prevention of diseases.

Medical students' perception of objective structured clinical examination: a feedback for process improvement.

Background: Medical educators have always been desirous of the best methods for formative and summative evaluation of trainees. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is an approach for student assessment in which aspects of clinical competence are evaluated in a comprehensive, consistent, and structured manner with close attention to the objectivity of the process. Though popular in most medical schools globally, its use in Nigeria medical schools appears limited.

Do geography and resources influence the need for colostomy in Hirschsprung's disease and anorectal malformations? A Canadian association of paediatric surgeons: association of paediatric surgeons of Nigeria survey.

Background: This survey compared surgical management of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) and anorectal malformations (ARM) in high and low resource settings.

Materials And Methods: An online survey was sent to 208 members of the Canadian Association of Paediatric Surgeons (CAPS) and the Association of Paediatric Surgeons of Nigeria (APSON).

Results: The response rate was 76.

Host, vehicular and environmental factors responsible for road traffic crashes in a Nigerian city: identifiable issues for road traffic injury control.

Introduction: Road traffic injury (RTI) has assumed major public health importance world-wide and the burden is heavier on the health-care infrastructure of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, RTI is the leading cause of trauma related morbidity and mortality. While there are some published epidemiological reports on RTI in the region, studies on the mechanism of causation of road traffic crashes (RTC) are not available.

Is non-operative management still justified in the treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction in children?

Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a feared complication after abdominal operations in both children and adults. The optimal management of ASBO in the pediatric population is debated. The aim of the present study was to examine the safety and effectiveness of non-operative management in ASBO.

Complicated childhood inguinal hernias in UITH, Ilorin.

Background: Complicated inguinal hernias pose a threat to the life of the child as well as increase the morbidity associated with management of an otherwise straightforward condition. The aim of this study was to determine the presentation, treatment and management outcome of complicated inguinal hernias in children.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of all children 15 years and less managed for complicated inguinal hernia between 2002 and 2010.

Congenital prepubic sinus: a variant of epispadiac dorsal urethral duplication.

Congenital prepubic sinus is a tract originating in the skin overlying the base of the penis. Its embryologic basis is still debated. We present a 9-month-old boy with a recurrent muco-purulent discharge from a tiny opening in the midline prepubic area on the base of the penis.

Genitourinary plexiform neurofibroma mimicking sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Neurofibromatosis is a common inherited autosomal dominant disease, but genitourinary neurofibroma is rare. The unpredictable nature of neurofibromas has a serious impact on the quality of life of patients, and their management is challenging for clinicians. We present a 9-year-old girl with plexiform neurofibroma of genitourinary system associated with pulmonary hypertension, masquerading as sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children: a single-centre experience over 7 years.

Background: To evaluate 209 consecutive children who underwent laparoscopic hernia repair over a 7-year period. Technical details and clinical results are reported.

Materials And Methods: A total of 284 open internal rings were closed laparoscopically in 209 children (142 boys and 67 girls, aged 30 days to 15 years, mean 44 months).

Pediatric trauma care in Africa: the evolution and challenges.

Childhood trauma is one of the major health problems in the world. Although pediatric trauma is a global phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries, sub-Saharan countries are disproportionally affected. We reviewed the available literature relevant to pediatric trauma in Africa using the MEDLINE database, local libraries, and personal contacts.

Is intraabdominal drainage necessary after laparotomy for typhoid intestinal perforation?

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the safety and effectiveness of routine drainage and nondrainage after emergency laparotomy for typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP).

Methods: A retrospective review of children 15 years or younger who underwent surgery for TIP from 2002 to 2009 was performed. All children underwent resuscitation and laparotomy and were given antibiotics but were then divided into 2 groups: group I (n = 81), postoperative peritoneal drainage, and group II, (n = 66) no drainage.

Challenges and outcomes of management of anterior abdominal wall defects in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Background: Abdominal wall defect presents a great challenge when it is large, ruptured, or associated with other anomalies.

Objective: To review the challenges and outcome of management of anterior abdominal wall defects (AAWD).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of omphalocele and gastroschisis managed over 8 years at our institution.

Posterior urethral valve.

Background: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality and ongoing renal damage in children. It accounts for end-stage renal disease in a proportion of children. This article aims at highlighting the current trend in the management of boys with posterior urethral valve.

Predictor of mortality in children with typhoid intestinal perforation in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.

Purpose: Typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) exerts a great toll both on the patients and the surgeons in resource poor countries. Factors that predict mortality in patients with TIP remain controversial. The study aims to determine factors that predict mortality in a Nigerian tertiary facility and to offer strategies for improvement.