Investigating the impact of external application of formalin and potassium permanganate on hematological, immunological, and biochemical profiles in fingerlings.

The present study aimed to elucidate the suitability of formalin and KMnO as therapeutics for fish diseases in Indian major carp, , while considering their impact on fish stress levels. Acute toxicity tests revealed that the 96-hour LC values for formalin and KMnO were 66.58 ppm and 2.