Connectivity and molecular profiles of Foxp2- and Dbx1-lineage neurons in the accessory olfactory bulb and medial amygdala.

In terrestrial vertebrates, the olfactory system is divided into main (MOS) and accessory (AOS) components that process both volatile and nonvolatile cues to generate appropriate behavioral responses. While much is known regarding the molecular diversity of neurons that comprise the MOS, less is known about the AOS. Here, focusing on the vomeronasal organ (VNO), the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), and the medial amygdala (MeA), we reveal that populations of neurons in the AOS can be molecularly subdivided based on their ongoing or prior expression of the transcription factors Foxp2 or Dbx1, which delineate separate populations of GABAergic output neurons in the MeA.

Hemiballismus-hemichorea syndrome in an acute rehabilitation setting: two case reports.

Background: We report two similar cases of patients diagnosed with hemiballismus-hemichorea syndrome secondary to uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Both patients were treated at an inpatient rehabilitation center and made a significant recovery in both function and activities of daily living. Although hemiballismus-hemichorea syndrome has known pharmacological treatments, little has been reported on the effectiveness of acute rehabilitation on managing and treating this syndrome.

Impact of renal artery stenosis on acute kidney injury and outcomes after heart failure hospitalization.

Background: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is known to co-exist with heart failure (HF), however the impact of RAS on rates of acute kidney injury during an acute HF hospitalization, and adverse events after acute HF hospitalizations has not been well studied.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of subjects hospitalized for acute HF at a tertiary academic care center. We identified subjects who had a renal artery duplex ultrasound or other diagnostic study for RAS to categorize heart failure subjects as RAS+ or RAS-.

A meta-analysis of differences in IQ profiles between individuals with Asperger's disorder and high-functioning autism.

A meta-analysis was performed to examine differences in IQ profiles between individuals with Asperger's disorder (AspD) and high-functioning autism (HFA). Fifty-two studies were included for this study. The results showed that (a) individuals with AspD had significantly higher full-scale IQ, verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) than did individuals with HFA; (b) individuals with AspD had significantly higher VIQ than PIQ; and (c) VIQ was similar to PIQ in individuals with HFA.

DSM-5 ASD moves forward into the past.

The fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) (APA in diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Author, Washington, 2013) has decided to merge the subtypes of pervasive developmental disorders into a single category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on the assumption that they cannot be reliably differentiated from one another. The purpose of this review is to analyze the basis of this assumption by examining the comparative studies between Asperger's disorder (AsD) and autistic disorder (AD), and between pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS) and AD. In all, 125 studies compared AsD with AD.

Asperger's disorder will be back.

This review focuses on identifying up-to-date number of publications that compared DSM-IV/ICD-10 Asperger's disorder (AspD) to Autistic Disorder/High-functioning Autism (AD/HFA). One hundred and twenty-eight publications were identified through an extensive search of major electronic databases and journals. Based on more than 90 clinical variables been investigated, 94 publications concluded that there were statistically significant or near significant level of quantitative and/or qualitative differences between AspD and AD/HFA groups; 4 publications found both similarities and differences between the two groups; 30 publications concluded with no differences between the two groups.

Factors associated with participation in employment for high school leavers with autism.

This study aimed to identify the factors associated with participation in employment for high school leavers with autism. A secondary data analysis of the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS2) data was performed. Potential factors were assessed using a weighted multivariate logistic regression.

Predictive factors of participation in postsecondary education for high school leavers with autism.

This exploratory study was designed to identify the factors predictive of participation in postsecondary education for high school leavers with autism. A secondary data analysis of the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS2) data was performed for this study. Potential predictors of participation in postsecondary education were assessed using a backward logistic regression analysis.

Spinous process wiring versus lateral mass fixation for the treatment of anterior cervical pseudarthrosis: a biomechanical comparison.

Our objective was to compare the stiffness of lateral mass screws versus two different spinous process wiring constructs in a cadaveric model of plated anterior cervical pseudoarthrosis. When treating an anterior plated pseudoarthrosis via a posterior approach, it is unclear whether the added expense, muscle exposure, and risk of lateral mass fixation are justified biomechanically versus a simpler, cheaper, and potentially less morbid wiring technique, because the presence of the anterior plate likely reduces motion over the unplated situation. Seven cadaveric cervical spines were loaded in compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion.

Anterior exposure of the lumbar spine with and without an "access surgeon": morbidity analysis of 265 consecutive cases.

Study Design: Retrospective review

Objective: To compare the incidence and type of exposure-related complications for anterior lumbar surgery performed with and without an "access" surgeon.

Summary Of Background Data: No data exist comparing the incidence and type of exposure-related complications for anterior lumbar surgery performed with and without a vascular surgeon's assistance.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed for 265 consecutive patients who underwent anterior lumbar spine surgery at our institution from 2003 to 2005.

rhBMP-2 enhancement of posterolateral spinal fusion in a rabbit model in the presence of concurrently administered doxorubicin.

Background Context: Spinal fusions can be necessary in patients undergoing chemotherapy with doxorubicin. In a previous study, doxorubicin was shown to decrease spinal fusion rates in a rabbit model of lumbar intertransverse process spinal fusion with autograft iliac crest bone. In the current study, we determine whether spinal fusion with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) can overcome the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin in spinal fusion.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of valproate for aggression in youth with pervasive developmental disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to study valproate efficacy and safety for aggression in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).

Methods: In this prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 30 subjects (20 boys, 10 girls) 6-20 years of age with PDD and significant aggression were randomized and received treatment with valproate (VPA) or placebo (PBO) for 8 weeks as outpatients. Mean VPA trough blood levels were 75.

Autism associated with tetrasomy 15: A further report.

Association of autism with tetrasomy of chromosome 15 has recently been described in six males. In this report, we describe the occurrence of autism in a girl with tetrasomy of chromosome 15. The patient showed hyperactivity, hand-flapping, short-stature, eye abnormalities, and hypotonia, which have been reported in males with tetrasomy of chromosome 15.