Pilot study of parental alienation items in the adverse childhood experiences scale.

Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Parental Alienation (PA)are forms of adverse events negatively affecting children globally. The current study was to identify a revised ACEs measure that includes a screening item for PA.

Methods: A total of 231 undergraduate students, ages 18 to 37, were surveyed for this analysis.

Estimated Utility of the Short-term Assessment of Glaucoma Progression Model in Clinical Practice.

Importance: Clinical trials of glaucoma therapies focused on protecting the optic nerve have required large sample sizes and lengthy follow-up to detect clinically relevant change due to its slow rate of progression. Whether shorter trials may be possible with more frequent testing and use of rate of change as the end point warrants further investigation.

Objective: To describe the design for the Short-term Assessment of Glaucoma Progression (STAGE) model and provide guidance on sample size and power calculations for shorter clinical trials.

A Retrospective Observational Study to Determine Baseline Characteristics and Early Prescribing Patterns for Patients Receiving Alirocumab in UK Clinical Practice.

Background: Alirocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and has been previously shown, in the phase III ODYSSEY clinical trial program, to provide significant lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduction in risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. However, real-world evidence to date is limited.

Objective: The primary objective was to describe baseline characteristics, clinical history, and prior lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) use of patients initiated on alirocumab in UK clinical practice following publication of health technology appraisal (HTA) body recommendations.

Comparison of Digital Widefield Retinal Imaging With Indirect Ophthalmoscopy in Pediatric Patients.

Background And Objective: Approximately 16,000 children in the United States lose vision each year because of retinal disease. The authors compare digital ultra-widefield (UWF) photography to indirect ophthalmoscopy in children.

Patients And Methods: Prospective, single-center study of patients ages 3 to 17 years.

Optic disc microvasculature dropout in primary open-angle glaucoma measured with optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate microvasculature dropout in the optic disc (Mvd-D) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and investigate factors associated with Mvd-D in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes.

Methods: One hundred twenty-three eyes of 123 POAG patients were included from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. The 3.

Complication rates of resident-performed cataract surgery: Impact of early introduction of cataract surgery training.

Purpose: To determine the effect of the early introduction of cataract surgery training on the complication rates of resident-performed cataract surgery.

Setting: University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Classification of primary angle closure spectrum with hierarchical cluster analysis.

Purpose: To classify subjects with primary angle closure into clusters based on features from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) imaging and to explore how these clusters correspond to disease subtypes, including primary angle closure suspect (PACS), primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG), acute primary angle closure (APAC) and fellow eyes of APAC and reveal the factors that become more predominant in each subtype of angle closure.

Method: A cross-sectional study of 248 eyes of 198 subjects(88 PACS eyes, 53 PACG eyes, 54 APAC eyes and 53 fellow eyes of APAC) that underwent complete examination including gonioscopy, A-scan biometry, and ASOCT. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was used to classify eyes based on ASOCT parameters.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Features Identified by Unsupervised Machine Learning on Optical Coherence Tomography Scans Predict Glaucoma Progression.

Purpose: To apply computational techniques to wide-angle swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) images to identify novel, glaucoma-related structural features and improve detection of glaucoma and prediction of future glaucomatous progression.

Methods: Wide-angle SS-OCT, OCT circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) circle scans spectral-domain (SD)-OCT, standard automated perimetry (SAP), and frequency doubling technology (FDT) visual field tests were completed every 3 months for 2 years from a cohort of 28 healthy participants (56 eyes) and 93 glaucoma participants (179 eyes). RNFL thickness maps were extracted from segmented SS-OCT images and an unsupervised machine learning approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify novel structural features.

Deep-Layer Microvasculature Dropout by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Microstructure of Parapapillary Atrophy.

Purpose: To investigate the association between the microstructure of β-zone parapapillary atrophy (βPPA) and parapapillary deep-layer microvasculature dropout assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: Thirty-seven eyes with βPPA devoid of the Bruch's membrane (BM) (γPPA) ranging between completely absent and discontinuous BM were matched by severity of the visual field (VF) damage with 37 eyes with fully intact BM (βPPA+BM) based on the spectral-domain (SD) OCT imaging. Parapapillary deep-layer microvasculature dropout was defined as a dropout of the microvasculature within choroid or scleral flange in the βPPA on the OCT-A.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Macular Vascular Density Measurements and the Central 10-2 Visual Field in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between macula vascular density assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and central visual field (VF) threshold sensitivities in healthy, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma patients.

Methods: A total of 185 eyes from 38 healthy participants, 31 glaucoma suspects, 72 mild glaucoma patients, and 44 moderate/severe glaucoma patients from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study who underwent OCT-A images of the macula and 10-2 VF testing were enrolled in this observational cross-sectional study. The relationship between central VF mean sensitivity (MS) and superficial macula whole-image vessel density (wiVD), and the relationship between the MS of the 4 central points of the 10-2 VF (MS4) and parafoveal vessel density (pfVD), were assessed using linear regression models.

Macular Vessel Density in Glaucomatous Eyes With Focal Lamina Cribrosa Defects.

Purpose: To compare optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measured macular vessel density and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) measured macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in primary open-angle glaucoma eyes with and without focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defects.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, case-control study of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, 46 eyes of 46 patients with LC defects and 54 eyes of 54 patients without observable LC defects were included. OCTA and SDOCT imaging were performed on the same day by the same operator.

Progression of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients.

Purpose: To compare the rates of visual field (VF) loss and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Design: Cohort study.

Methods: A total of 197 eyes (55 eyes of 32 POAG patients with DM in POAG/DM group and 142 eyes of 111 age-matched POAG patients without DM in POAG/DM- group) were included from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS).

The African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) III: Contribution of Genotype to Glaucoma Phenotype in African Americans: Study Design and Baseline Data.

Purpose: To describe the study protocol and baseline characteristics of the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) III.

Design: Cross-sectional, case-control study.

Participants: Three thousand two hundred sixty-six glaucoma patients and control participants without glaucoma of African or European descent were recruited from 5 study centers in different regions of the United States.

The Association Between Macula and ONH Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) Vessel Densities in Glaucoma, Glaucoma Suspect, and Healthy Eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate strength of associations between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-angiography vessel density (VD) measurements in the macula and peripapillary region of the optic nerve head (ONH) with standard structural OCT thickness measures.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 333 eyes of 219 primary open-angle glaucoma patients, 41 glaucoma suspects, and 73 healthy participants from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) with good quality OCT angiography images. The strength of associations between microvasculature measures in the ONH retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and superficial macula layer was assessed using linear regression models.

Association between Rates of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning and Previous Disc Hemorrhage in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between previous disc hemorrhage (DH) and subsequent rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning.

Design: Longitudinal, observational cohort study.

Participants: Twenty-eight patients with glaucoma and patients with suspected glaucoma who had a history of DH in 1 eye (unilateral DH), but not in the fellow eye, enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study were included.

Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Unilateral Visual Field Loss.

Purpose: To characterize OCT angiography (OCT-A) vessel density of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with unilateral visual field (VF) loss.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 33 patients with POAG with a VF defect in 1 eye (mean VF mean deviation [MD], -3.

REDUCED GANGLION CELL VOLUME ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY.

Purpose: Geographic atrophy (GA) is the sequelae of macular degeneration. Automated inner retinal analysis using optical coherence tomography is flawed because segmentation software is calibrated for normal eyes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume is reduced in GA using manual analysis.

Reproducibility and Agreement of Anterior Segment Parameter Measurements Obtained Using the CASIA2 and Spectralis OCT2 Optical Coherence Tomography Devices.

Purpose: To assess the reproducibility and agreement of measurement values obtained from the Tomey CASIA2 and Heidelberg Spectralis OCT2 anterior segment optical coherence tomographic devices.

Methods: Twenty eyes from 10 subjects ranging from age 28 to 45 years with no history of eye conditions or intraocular surgery were included. Two scans were obtained with each device in a standardized dark room environment after a period of dark adaptation.

Reproducibility of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Macular and Optic Nerve Head Vascular Density in Glaucoma and Healthy Eyes.

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a noninvasive technology that allows visualization of retinal blood vessels. It is important to determine reproducibility of measurements as low precision can impair its diagnostic capabilities. The purpose of this study is to determine intravisit and intervisit reproducibility of optic nerve head (ONH) and macular vessel density measurements with OCT-A.

Progressive Macula Vessel Density Loss in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: To characterize the rate of macula vessel density loss in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), glaucoma-suspect, and healthy eyes.

Design: Longitudinal, observational cohort from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study.

Methods: One hundred eyes (32 POAG, 30 glaucoma-suspect, and 38 healthy) followed for at least 1 year with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) imaging on at least 2 visits were included.

Impact of Normal Aging and Progression Definitions on the Specificity of Detecting Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning.

Purpose: To evaluate the specificity of current definitions used to identify progressive change of the average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements obtained on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Methods: Setting: University of California, San Diego.

Rates of Local Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning before and after Disc Hemorrhage in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate longitudinal temporal and spatial associations between disc hemorrhage (DH) and rates of local retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning before and after DHs.

Design: Longitudinal, observational cohort study.

Participants: Forty eyes of 37 participants (23 with glaucoma and 17 with suspect glaucoma at baseline) with DH episodes during follow-up from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study.

Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density in Patients with Glaucoma and Single-Hemifield Visual Field Defect.

Purpose: To compare hemifield differences in the vessel density of the peripapillary and macula in open-angle glaucoma eyes with visual field (VF) defect confined to one hemifield using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 58 eyes of 58 patients with glaucoma with VF loss confined to a single hemifield and 28 healthy eyes.

REPRODUCIBILITY OF VESSEL DENSITY MEASUREMENT WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN EYES WITH AND WITHOUT RETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To determine the intravisit and intervisit reproducibility of optical coherence tomography angiography measurements of macular vessel density in eyes with and without retinal diseases.

Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers and 22 patients with retinal diseases underwent repeated optical coherence tomography angiography (Angiovue Imaging System, Optovue Inc) scans after pupil dilation on 2 separate visit days. For each visit day, the eyes were scanned twice.