Observed differences in nutrition management at two time points spanning a decade in critically ill trauma patients with and without head injury.

Background: Nutritional needs of trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit may differ from general critically ill patients, but most current evidence is based on large clinical trials recruiting mixed populations.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate nutrition practices at two time points that span a decade in trauma patients with and without head injury.

Methods: This observational study recruited adult trauma patients receiving mechanical ventilation and artificial nutrition from a single-centre intensive care unit between February 2005 to December 2006 (cohort 1), and December 2018 to September 2020 (cohort 2).

Muscle size, strength, and physical function in response to augmented calorie delivery: A TARGET sub-study.

Purpose: Augmented calories may attenuate muscle loss experienced in critical illness. This exploratory sub-study assessed the effect of augmented calorie delivery on muscle mass, strength, and function.

Materials And Methods: Patients in The Augmented versus Routine approach to Giving Energy Trial (TARGET) randomised to 1.

Muscle Protein Synthesis after Protein Administration in Critical Illness.

Dietary protein may attenuate the muscle atrophy experienced by patients in the ICU, yet protein handling is poorly understood. To quantify protein digestion and amino acid absorption and fasting and postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis during critical illness. Fifteen mechanically ventilated adults (12 male; aged 50 ± 17 yr; body mass index, 27 ± 5 kg⋅m) and 10 healthy control subjects (6 male; 54 ± 23 yr; body mass index, 27 ± 4 kg⋅m) received a primed intravenous L-[ring-H]-phenylalanine, L-[3,5-H]-tyrosine, and L-[1-C]-leucine infusion over 9.

Assessment of physiological barriers to nutrition following critical illness.

Background & Aims: Nutrition may be important for recovery from critical illness. Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a key barrier to nutrition delivery in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and metabolic rate is elevated exacerbating nutritional deficits. Whether these factors persist following ICU discharge is unknown.

Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Patients With Diabetes Discharged From ICUs: A Prospective Two-Center Cohort Study.

Objectives: There is very limited information about glycemic control after discharge from the ICU. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of hypoglycemia in ICU survivors with type-2 diabetes and determine whether hypoglycemia is associated with cardiac arrhythmias.

Design: Prospective, observational, two-center study.

Effects of Standard vs Energy-Dense Formulae on Gastric Retention, Energy Delivery, and Glycemia in Critically Ill Patients.

Background: Energy-dense formulae are often provided to critically ill patients with enteral feed intolerance with the aim of increasing energy delivery, yet the effect on gastric emptying is unknown. The rate of gastric emptying of a standard compared with an energy-dense formula was quantified in critically ill patients.

Methods: Mechanically ventilated adults were randomized to receive radiolabeled intragastric infusions of 200 mL standard (1 kcal/mL) or 100 mL energy-dense (2 kcal/mL) enteral formulae on consecutive days in this noninferiority, blinded, crossover trial.

Outcome Measures in Critical Care Nutrition Interventional Trials: A Systematic Review.

Historically, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in critical care have used mortality as the primary outcome, yet most show no effect on this outcome. Therefore, there has been a shift in the literature to focus on alternative outcomes. This review aimed to describe primary outcomes selected in RCTs of nutrition interventions in critical illness.

Autonomic function, postprandial hypotension and falls in older adults at one year after critical illness.

Objective: Postprandial hypotension occurs frequently in older survivors of critical illness at 3 months after discharge. We aimed to determine whether postprandial hypotension and its predictors - gastric dysmotility and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction - persist or resolve as older survivors of critical illness recover, and whether postprandial hypotension after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge is associated with adverse outcomes at 12 months.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Are point-of-care measurements of glycated haemoglobin accurate in the critically ill?

Introduction: Critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic hyperglycaemia may benefit from a more liberal approach to glucose control than patients with previously normal glucose tolerance. It may therefore be useful to rapidly determine HbA1c concentrations. Point-of-care (POC) analysers offer rapid results but may be less accurate than laboratory analysis.

Incident Diabetes in Survivors of Critical Illness and Mechanisms Underlying Persistent Glucose Intolerance: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Stress hyperglycemia occurs in critically ill patients and may be a risk factor for subsequent diabetes. The aims of this study were to determine incident diabetes and prevalent prediabetes in survivors of critical illness experiencing stress hyperglycemia and to explore underlying mechanisms.

Design: This was a prospective, single center, cohort study.

Observed appetite and nutrient intake three months after ICU discharge.

Background & Aims: Oral intake is diminished immediately after ICU discharge, yet factors affecting nutritional intake after hospital discharge have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary intake and factors which may influence intake - appetite and gastric emptying - 3-months after ICU discharge.

Methods: Inception cohort study with ICU survivors compared to healthy subjects.

Postprandial hypotension in older survivors of critical illness.

Purpose: In older people postprandial hypotension occurs frequently; and is an independent risk factor for falls, cardiovascular events, stroke and death. The primary aim of this pilot study was to estimate the frequency of postprandial hypotension and evaluate the mechanisms underlying this condition in older survivors of an Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-five older (>65 years) survivors were studied 3 months after discharge.