Inhibitory Control in Late Childhood as a Predictor of Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence and the Role of Social Context.

Understanding the factors contributing to adolescent antisocial behavior is crucial for effective interventions. Protracted development of cognitive control systems supporting inhibitory control may be linked to increases in adolescent antisocial behavior, suggesting the promotion of inhibitory control as a potential preventative strategy. Concurrently, social contextual factors, including peer relationships, parent-child dynamics, and the neighborhood environment, may exacerbate or buffer the risk posed by low inhibitory control.

Somatomotor disconnection links sleep duration with socioeconomic context, screen time, cognition, and psychopathology.

Background: Sleep is critical for healthy brain development and emotional wellbeing, especially during adolescence when sleep, behavior, and neurobiology are rapidly evolving. Theoretical reviews and empirical research have historically focused on how sleep influences mental health through its impact on brain systems. No studies have leveraged data-driven network neuroscience methods to uncover interpretable, brain-wide signatures of sleep duration in adolescence, their socio-environmental origins, or their consequences for cognition and mental health.

Increasing diversity in neuroimaging research: Participant-driven recommendations from a qualitative study of an under-represented sample.

Enhancing the generalizability of neuroimaging studies requires actively engaging participants from under-represented communities. This paper leverages qualitative data to outline participant-driven recommendations for incorporating under-represented populations in neuroimaging protocols. Thirty-one participants, who had participated in neuroimaging research or could be eligible for one as part of an ongoing longitudinal study, engaged in semi-structured one-on-one interviews (84 % under-represented ethnic-racial identities and low-income backgrounds).

Functional brain network organization and multidomain resilience to neighborhood disadvantage in youth.

Though youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods experience greater risk for poor behavioral and mental health outcomes, many go on to show resilience in the face of adversity. A few recent studies have identified neural markers of resilience in cognitive and affective brain networks, yet the broader network organization supporting resilience in youth remains unknown, particularly in relation to neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, most studies have defined resilience as the absence of psychopathology, which does not consider growing evidence that resilience also includes positive outcomes across multiple domains (e.

Mother-child closeness and adolescent structural neural networks: a prospective longitudinal study of low-income families.

Mother-child closeness, a mutually trusting and affectionate bond, is an important factor in shaping positive youth development. However, little is known about the neural pathways through which mother-child closeness is related to brain organization. Utilizing a longitudinal sample primarily from low-income families (N = 181; 76% African American youth and 54% female), this study investigated the associations between mother-child closeness at ages 9 and 15 years and structural connectivity organization (network integration, robustness, and segregation) at age 15 years.

Functional Brain Connectivity Predictors of Prospective Substance Use Initiation and Their Environmental Correlates.

Background: Early substance use initiation (SUI) places youth at substantially higher risk for later substance use disorders. Furthermore, adolescence is a critical period for the maturation of brain networks, the pace and magnitude of which are susceptible to environmental influences and may shape risk for SUI.

Methods: We examined whether patterns of functional brain connectivity during rest (rsFC), measured longitudinally during pre- and early adolescence, can predict future SUI.

Developmental Timing of Associations Among Parenting, Brain Architecture, and Mental Health.

Importance: Parenting is associated with brain development and long-term health outcomes, although whether these associations depend on the developmental timing of exposure remains understudied. Identifying these sensitive periods can inform when and how parenting is associated with neurodevelopment and risk for mental illness.

Objective: To characterize how harsh and warm parenting during early, middle, and late childhood are associated with brain architecture during adolescence and, in turn, psychiatric symptoms in early adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Assessing neurocognitive maturation in early adolescence based on baby and adult functional brain landscapes.

Adolescence is a period of growth in cognitive performance and functioning. Recently, data-driven measures of brain-age gap, which can index cognitive decline in older populations, have been utilized in adolescent data with mixed findings. Instead of using a data-driven approach, here we assess the maturation status of the brain functional landscape in early adolescence by directly comparing an individual's resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to the canonical early-life and adulthood communities.

Childhood adversity and adolescent mental health: Examining cumulative and specificity effects across contexts and developmental timing.

Associations between adversity and youth psychopathology likely vary based on the and of experiences. Major theories suggest that the impact of childhood adversity may either be in type (the more types of adversity, the worse outcomes) or in timing (the longer exposure, the worse outcomes) or, alternatively, concerning the type (e.g.

Socioeconomic resources in youth are linked to divergent patterns of network integration/segregation across the brain's transmodal axis.

Socioeconomic resources (SER) calibrate the developing brain to the current context, which can confer or attenuate risk for psychopathology across the lifespan. Recent multivariate work indicates that SER levels powerfully relate to intrinsic functional connectivity patterns across the entire brain. Nevertheless, the neuroscientific meaning of these widespread neural differences remains poorly understood, despite its translational promise for early risk identification, targeted intervention, and policy reform.

The dynamic and relational nature of parent-child conflict from childhood into emerging adulthood.

Although the parent-child relationship is widely regarded as a foundational context for youth development, the developmental origins of this relationship remain unknown. The present study addressed these gaps, leveraging longitudinal and genetically informed methods to illuminate the developmental origins of mother-child conflict as it unfolds from middle childhood into emerging adulthood. Participants consisted of 2,060 twins in 1,030 twin families (51% male, 49% female; 82% White, 10% Black, 1% Asian, 1% Indigenous, 6% multiracial) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry.

Methylome-wide association study of multidimensional resilience.

Although resilient youth provide an important model of successful adaptation to adversity, we know relatively little about the origins of their positive outcomes, particularly the role of biological mechanisms. The current study employed a series of methylome-wide association studies to identify methylomic biomarkers of resilience in a unique sample of 276 twins within 141 families residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Results revealed methylome-wide significant differentially methylated probes (DMPs) for social and academic resilience and suggestive DMPs for psychological resilience and resilience across domains.

The Promise and Challenges of Integrating Biological and Prevention Sciences: A Community-Engaged Model for the Next Generation of Translational Research.

Beginning with the successful sequencing of the human genome two decades ago, the possibility of developing personalized health interventions based on one's biology has captured the imagination of researchers, medical providers, and individuals seeking health care services. However, the application of a personalized medicine approach to emotional and behavioral health has lagged behind the development of personalized approaches for physical health conditions. There is potential value in developing improved methods for integrating biological science with prevention science to identify risk and protective mechanisms that have biological underpinnings, and then applying that knowledge to inform prevention and intervention services for emotional and behavioral health.

Latent Profiles of Childhood Adversity, Adolescent Mental Health, and Neural Network Connectivity.

Importance: Adverse childhood experiences are pervasive and heterogeneous, with potential lifelong consequences for psychiatric morbidity and brain health. Existing research does not capture the complex interplay of multiple adversities, resulting in a lack of precision in understanding their associations with neural function and mental health.

Objectives: To identify distinct childhood adversity profiles and examine their associations with adolescent mental health and brain connectivity.

Consortium Profile: The Methylation, Imaging and NeuroDevelopment (MIND) Consortium.

Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, show potential as biological markers and mechanisms underlying gene-environment interplay in the prediction of mental health and other brain-based phenotypes. However, little is known about how peripheral epigenetic patterns relate to individual differences in the brain itself. An increasingly popular approach to address this is by combining epigenetic and neuroimaging data; yet, research in this area is almost entirely comprised of cross-sectional studies in adults.

Functional brain connectivity predictors of prospective substance use initiation and their environmental correlates.

Background: Early substance use initiation (SUI) places youth at substantially higher risk for later substance use disorders. Furthermore, adolescence is a critical period for the maturation of brain networks, the pace and magnitude of which are susceptible to environmental influences and may shape risk for SUI.

Methods: We examined whether patterns of functional brain connectivity during rest (rsFC), measured longitudinally in pre-and-early adolescence, can predict future SUI.

Exposure to community violence as a mechanism linking neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and neural responses to reward.

A growing literature links socioeconomic disadvantage and adversity to brain function, including disruptions in reward processing. Less research has examined exposure to community violence (ECV) as a specific adversity related to differences in reward-related brain activation, despite the prevalence of community violence exposure for those living in disadvantaged contexts. The current study tested whether ECV was associated with reward-related ventral striatum (VS) activation after accounting for familial factors associated with differences in reward-related activation (e.

The future of neuroscience in developmental psychopathology.

Developmental psychopathology started as an intersection of fields and is now a field itself. As we contemplate the future of this field, we consider the ways in which a newer, interdisciplinary field - human developmental neuroscience - can inform, and be informed by, developmental psychopathology. To do so, we outline principles of developmental psychopathology and how they are and/or can be implemented in developmental neuroscience.

Exposure to community violence as a mechanism linking neighborhood disadvantage to amygdala reactivity and the protective role of parental nurturance.

Emerging literature links neighborhood disadvantage to altered neural function in regions supporting socioemotional and threat processing. Few studies, however, have examined the proximal mechanisms through which neighborhood disadvantage is associated with neural functioning. In a sample of 7- to 19-year-old twins recruited from disadvantaged neighborhoods (354 families, 708 twins; 54.

Associations of depression and anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence with epigenetic aging.

Background: Childhood anxiety and depression symptoms are potential risk factors for accelerated biological aging. In child and adolescent twins, we tested whether these symptoms were associated with DNA methylation (DNAm) aging, a measure of biological aging.

Methods: 276 twins (135 pairs, 6 singletons) had DNAm assayed from saliva in middle childhood (mean = 7.

Parent Mental Health Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Although extant cross-sectional data suggest that parents have experienced numerous challenges (e.g., homeschooling, caregiver burden) and mental health consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic, longitudinal data are needed to confirm mental health changes relative to pre-pandemic levels and identify which specific pandemic-related changes most highly predict mental health during the pandemic.

Socioeconomic resources in youth are linked to divergent patterns of network integration and segregation across the brain's transmodal axis.

Socioeconomic resources (SER) calibrate the developing brain to the current context, which can confer or attenuate risk for psychopathology across the lifespan. Recent multivariate work indicates that SER levels powerfully influence intrinsic functional connectivity patterns across the entire brain. Nevertheless, the neurobiological meaning of these widespread alterations remains poorly understood, despite its translational promise for early risk identification, targeted intervention, and policy reform.

Relationship between COVID-related stressors and internalizing symptoms: Gendered neuroendocrine risk profiles.

The COVID-19 pandemic generated significant life stress and increases in internalizing disorders. Moreover, COVID-related stressors disproportionately impacted women, consistent with outcomes showing a gender gap in stress-related disorders. Gender-related stress vulnerability emerges in adolescence alongside gender-specific changes in neuroendocrine signaling.

Neighborhood poverty during childhood prospectively predicts adolescent functional brain network architecture.

Family poverty has been associated with altered brain structure, function, and connectivity in youth. However, few studies have examined how disadvantage within the broader neighborhood may influence functional brain network organization. The present study leveraged a longitudinal community sample of 538 twins living in low-income neighborhoods to evaluate the prospective association between exposure to neighborhood poverty during childhood (6-10 y) with functional network architecture during adolescence (8-19 y).