The ethics of enhancement among image and performance enhancing drug coaches.

This research examines image and performance-enhancing drug (IPED) use, specifically focusing on the emerging role of IPED coaches. Situating drug use within broader assemblage theory, we investigated how these coaches, often operating in an online context, function as enabling environments, influencing practices, and contributing to harm reduction in a broader social context within and for IPED communities. Ten IPED coaches were interviewed, with this work focusing on their legal, ethical, and moral considerations, risk assessment, and harm reduction strategies of their practices.

A bibliometric analysis of HER2-positive breast cancer: 1987-2024.

Aim: The overamplification of human epidermal growth factor (HER2) in breast cancer (BC) has been the subject of numerous research publications since its discovery in 1987. This is the first bibliometric analysis (BA) conducted on HER2-positive (HER2+) BC. The purpose of this BA is to analyze the published research on HER2+ BC from 1987 to 2024, highlighting the most significant scientific literature, as well as the main contributing authors and journals, and evaluating the impact of clinical and lab-based publications on HER2+ BC research.

'Insulin is super dangerous if you don't know what you're doing': Situating the risks of insulin within the image and performance enhancing drug community.

Introduction: Insulin is an essential treatment within diabetes management; however, it takes on a role of enhancement within image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) communities due to its anabolic effects. This study sought to provide insight into how IPED users perceive and manage the risks linked to insulin.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 individuals from Australia and United Kingdom who used insulin as part of their IPED protocols.

Blimp-1 and c-Maf regulate immune gene networks to protect against distinct pathways of pathobiont-induced colitis.

Intestinal immune responses to microbes are controlled by the cytokine IL-10 to avoid immune pathology. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing of colon lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) along with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq of purified CD4 T cells to show that the transcription factors Blimp-1 (encoded by Prdm1) and c-Maf co-dominantly regulate Il10 while negatively regulating proinflammatory cytokines in effector T cells. Double-deficient Prdm1MafCd4 mice infected with Helicobacter hepaticus developed severe colitis with an increase in T1/NK/ILC1 effector genes in LPLs, while Prdm1Cd4 and MafCd4 mice exhibited moderate pathology and a less-marked type 1 effector response.

PARP Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: a Short Communication.

Purpose Of Review: In the last decade, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been approved in the treatment of several cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancer. This article aims to discuss the current uses, limitations, and future directions for PARP inhibitors (PARPis) in the treatment of breast cancer.

Recent Findings: Following the results of the OlympiAD and EMBRACA trials, PARPis were approved in HER2-negative breast cancer with a germline BRCA mutation.

Blimp-1 and c-Maf regulate negatively regulate common and unique proinflammatory gene networks in IL-12 plus IL-27-driven T helper-1 cells.

Background: CD4 Th1 cells producing IFN-γ are required to eradicate intracellular pathogens, however if uncontrolled these cells can cause immunopathology. The cytokine IL-10 is produced by multiple immune cells including Th1 cells during infection and regulates the immune response to minimise collateral host damage. In this study we aimed to elucidate the transcriptional network of genes controlling the expression of and proinflammatory cytokines, including in Th1 cells differentiated from mouse naive CD4 T cells.

Big business: The private sector market for image and performance enhancing drug harm reduction in the UK.

This article draws on three mutually independent ethnographic studies to explore the private sector market for image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) harm reduction in the UK, specifically examining (1) steroid accessory supplements; (2) blood testing services; and (3) bloodletting services. After contextualising the work with a discussion of IPED use and harm reduction and the substantial growth of the global health and fitness industry, each private sector provision is critically interrogated with the following questions in mind: what is the role and utility of these services compared to public sector provision? Why has the private sector begun to deliver IPED harm reduction products and services in the UK? And how does this provision relate to the health and fitness industry more broadly? The paper concludes with some reflections about the future direction of IPED harm reduction, the importance of community-led services, and the need to think innovatively if we are to best protect users' health and wellbeing.

Dynamic patterning of microparticles with acoustic impulse control.

This paper describes the use of impulse control of an acoustic field to create complex and precise particle patterns and then dynamically manipulate them. We first demonstrate that the motion of a particle in an acoustic field depends on the applied impulse and three distinct regimes can be identified. The high impulse regime is the well established mode where particles travel to the force minima of an applied continuous acoustic field.

Publisher Correction: c-Maf controls immune responses by regulating disease-specific gene networks and repressing IL-2 in CD4 T cells.

In the version of this article initially published, the Supplementary Data file was an incorrect version. The correct version is now provided. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the article.

c-Maf controls immune responses by regulating disease-specific gene networks and repressing IL-2 in CD4 T cells.

The transcription factor c-Maf induces the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in CD4 T cells in vitro. However, the global effects of c-Maf on diverse immune responses in vivo are unknown. Here we found that c-Maf regulated IL-10 production in CD4 T cells in disease models involving the T1 subset of helper T cells (malaria), T2 cells (allergy) and T17 cells (autoimmunity) in vivo.