V˙O2peak, Body Composition, and Neck Strength of Elite Motor Racing Drivers.

Purpose: Automobile racing is widely known to be physically demanding; however, there is no published information comparing the physical fitness variables of elite-level race car drivers across various competitive championships.

Methods: We documented the body composition, peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak), and isometric neck strength in a sample of elite race car drivers currently competing in Formula 1, IndyCar, NASCAR, and International Motor Sports Association sports car racing (IMSA GTD), to determine current human performance benchmarks and establish goals for drivers wishing to compete in these series.

Results: Percent body fat was significantly (P < 0.

Group 9 bimetallic carbonyl permethylpentalene complexes.

We describe the synthesis, structure and bonding of the first iridium and rhodium permethylpentalene complexes, syn-[M(CO)2]2(μ:η(5):η(5)-Pn*) (M = Rh, Ir). In fact, [Ir(CO)2]2(μ:η(5):η(5)-Pn*) is the first iridium pentalene complex. An interesting preference for the isolation of the sterically more demanding syn-isomer is observed and substantiated by DFT analysis.