Salidroside: A Promising Agent in Bone Metabolism Modulation.

, a long-lived herbaceous plant from the Crassulaceae group, contains the active compound salidroside, recognized as an adaptogen with significant therapeutic potential for bone metabolism. Salidroside promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by activating critical signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein-2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, essential for bone formation and growth. It enhances osteogenic activity by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization markers, while upregulating key regulatory proteins including runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix.

Dose-Ranging Effects of the Intracerebral Administration of Atsttrin in Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in Mice.

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a multitude of motor and non-motor clinical symptoms resulting from the progressive and long-lasting abnormal loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Currently, the available treatments for patients with Parkinson's disease are limited and exert only symptomatic effects, without adequate signs of delaying or stopping the progression of the disease. Atsttrin constitutes the bioengineered protein which ultrastructure is based on the polypeptide chain frame of the progranulin (PGRN), which exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of TNFα.

Effect of whole-body vibration on postural stability in young adults with generalized joint hypermobility: A comparative study.

Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is being used in rehabilitation and sport. Studies confirm its positive impact on muscle strength and power or regulating muscle hypertension. However, there are some uncertainties regarding its influence on postural stability.

The Role of Rosavin in the Pathophysiology of Bone Metabolism.

Rosavin, a phenylpropanoid in 's rhizome, and an adaptogen, is known for enhancing the body's response to environmental stress. It significantly affects cellular metabolism in health and many diseases, particularly influencing bone tissue metabolism. In vitro, rosavin inhibits osteoclastogenesis, disrupts F-actin ring formation, and reduces the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes such as cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor (CTR), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9).

The Role of Progranulin (PGRN) in the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most common and aggressive malignant form of brain tumour in adults and is characterized by an extremely poor prognosis with dismal survival rates. Currently, expanding concepts concerning the pathophysiology of GBM are inextricably linked with neuroinflammatory phenomena. On account of this fact, the identification of novel pathomechanisms targeting neuroinflammation seems to be crucial in terms of yielding successful individual therapeutic strategies.

Fracture of the Lumbar Spine Associated with Ureteral Injury Mimicking Spondylodiscitis Followed by Cervical Spine Fracture in Patient with Ankylosing Hyperostosis.

The purpose of this case report is to describe the case of a patient with ankylosing spinal hyperostosis (ASH) and lumbar spine fracture complicated by ureteral injury mimicking spondylodiscitis with osteomyelitis features and retroperitoneal abscess formation followed by the cervical spine fracture. A consecutive analysis and summary of the medical history, radiological documentation, operative procedure, complications, and outcomes were performed. A 59-year-old man presented with abdominal pain three weeks after sustaining a low-energy fall.

The Role of Progranulin (PGRN) in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke.

Stroke is a life-threatening medical condition and is a leading cause of disability. Cerebral ischemia is characterized by a distinct inflammatory response starting with the production of various cytokines and other inflammation-related agents. Progranulin (PGRN), a multifunctional protein, is critical in diverse physiological reactions, such as cell proliferation, inflammation, wound healing, and nervous system development.

Post-mortem detection of neuronal and astroglial biochemical markers in serum and urine for diagnostics of traumatic brain injury.

Currently available epidemiological data shows that traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the leading causes of death that is associated with medico-legal practice, including forensic autopsy, criminological investigation, and neuropathological examination. Attention focused on TBI research is needed to advance its diagnostics in ante- and post-mortem cases with regard to identification and validation of novel biomarkers. Recently, several markers of neuronal, astroglial, and axonal injury have been explored in various biofluids to assess the clinical origin, progression, severity, and prognosis of TBI.

Progranulin (PGRN) as a regulator of inflammation and a critical factor in the immunopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

Immune dysregulation has been identified as a critical cause of the most common types of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Notably, the innate and adaptive immune responses under physiological conditions are typically regulated with high sensitivity to avoid the exacerbation of inflammation, but any dysregulation can probably be associated with CVDs. In this respect, progranulin (PGRN) serves as one of the main components of the regulation of inflammatory processes, which significantly contributes to the immunopathogenesis of such disorders.

The impact of changing the funding model for genetic diagnostics and improved access to personalized medicine in oncology.

Aim: In January 2017, a new funding model for diagnostic genetic testing in cancer was introduced in Poland.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of changing the funding model for genetic diagnosis in oncology on improving access to personalized medicine in Poland between 2017 and 2019.

Methods: The analysis included data on settlements with the National Health Fund for genetic tests in cancer under a contract of the hospital treatment type and under the contract in the type of separately contracted services between 2017 and 2019.

Omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of spinal cord injury: untapped potential for therapeutic intervention?

Omega-3 fatty acids constitute a group of fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and preventive effects against various diseases. Studies in animal models have demonstrated the preventive and therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acids after spinal cord injury (SCI) in reducing inflammatory reactions and promoting neuroregeneration. However, studies on the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in treatment and prevention after SCI seem to be questionable.

The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome.

Introduction: As a recurrent disease, periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is characterized by episodes of febrile attacks and is often prominent in children under five years of age. However, the etiology of this condition has not been fully understood yet.

Materials And Methods: The search in the extensive literature of peer-reviewed articles published from the inception to December 2021 was conducted to identify the relevant studies, using the electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science.

Kinetics of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration levels in epileptic patients after generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Objective: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by the periodic and unpredictable occurrence of seizures. The serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to be a potential biomarker that could detect differences in epilepsy patients. Although there is considerable neurobiological evidence linking BDNF to epilepsy, only a small number of studies investigated the relationship between BDNF serum levels and epilepsy, and these studies obtained inconsistent results.

Corrigendum to "Comparative Analysis of the Occurrence and Role of CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) and Its Receptor CX3CR1 in Hemophilic Arthropathy and Osteoarthritis".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/2932696.].

Economic Costs of Cardiovascular Diseases in Poland Estimates for 2015-2017 Years.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are associated with growing public and private expenditure on healthcare regardless geographic region. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately estimate the overall societal costs-both direct and indirect expenses from the perspective of patients, caregivers and employers.

Research Design: The aim of this paper is to determine the direct and indirect costs related to cardiovascular diseases in Poland from 2015 to 2017.

Overview and Analysis of the Cost of Drug Programs in Poland: Public Payer Expenditures and Coverage of Cancer and Non-Neoplastic Diseases Related Drug Therapies from 2015-2018 Years.

Background: In Poland drug programmes developed by the Minister of Health and financed by the National Health Fund are special reimbursement frameworks of innovative, expensive, and mostly hospital based medical products used for a small number of patients.

Research Design: The research presented in this paper is based on data analysis published by the National Health Fund in Poland. The analysis focused on estimating public payer expenditure on drugs available within drug programmes from 2015 to 2018.

Comparative Analysis of the Occurrence and Role of CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) and Its Receptor CX3CR1 in Hemophilic Arthropathy and Osteoarthritis.

Objective: Hemophilic arthropathy is characterized by recurrent bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia leading to irreversible joint degeneration. The involvement of CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 was observed in the pathogenesis of numerous arthritis-associated diseases. Taking this into account, we have presented a study investigating the role of the CX3CL1/CX3XR1 axis in the course of hemophilic arthropathy, including the CX3CL1-dependent expression of CD56, CD68, and CD31 cells along with evaluation of articular cartilage and synovial membrane morphology.

Significance of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Prophylaxis and Treatment after Spinal Cord Injury in Rodent Models.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 acids, PUFAs) are essential components of cell membranes in all mammals. A multifactorial beneficial influence of -3 fatty acids on the health of humans and other mammals has been observed for many years. Therefore, -3 fatty acids and their function in the prophylaxis and treatment of various pathologies have been subjected to numerous studies.

The role of progranulin (PGRN) in the modulation of anti-inflammatory response in asthma.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases. Epidemiological studies show that asthma will develop among around 40% of children under six years old with symptoms of bronchial obstruction. Diagnosis of asthma is complicated, especially in the paediatric population.

Immunolocalization of dynein, dynactin, and kinesin in the cerebral tissue as a possible supplemental diagnostic tool for traumatic brain injury in postmortem examination.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by various micro- and macrostructural neuropathological changes which can be identified in the light microscope examination. The most common pathophenotype of TBI visualized in postmortem neuropathological assessment includes neuron injury with involvement of all of its structural regions followed by its progressive degeneration defined as traumatic axonal injury (TAI). This is directly related with disruption of the axolemmal cytoskeletal network architecture resulting in breakdown, dissolution and accumulation of a number of neuronal proteins.

Brain Functional Reserve in the Context of Neuroplasticity after Stroke.

Stroke is the second cause of death and more importantly first cause of disability in people over 40 years of age. Current therapeutic management of ischemic stroke does not provide fully satisfactory outcomes. Stroke management has significantly changed since the time when there were opened modern stroke units with early motor and speech rehabilitation in hospitals.