Non-neoplastic adrenal pseudocysts: A clinicopathologic study of 44 cases with potential insights into pathogenesis.

Background: Literature on non-neoplastic adrenal pseudocysts (NNAPC) remains limited and to date no large series have been reported. The pathogenesis of these lesions remains poorly defined, however a vascular origin is most often suggested in the literature. We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features and the spectrum of vascular changes within NNAPC, in order to better understand the mechanisms and circumstances of their pathogenesis.

High cytoplasmic HuR expression is associated with advanced pT stage, high grade and increased microvessel density in urothelial bladder carcinoma.

Purpose: HuR (human antigen R) protein is a RNA binding protein that stabilizes the mRNA and controls the translation of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and carcinogenesis. Overexpression of HuR was reported in a variety of cancers, however its clinical significance in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is still unknown. Our aim is to investigate the association between HuR expression and selected histopathological factors, such as tumor grade, pT stage, regional lymph nodes status and microvessel density (MVD).

Role of angiogenesis in urothelial bladder carcinoma.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the most common urinary tract malignancy in western countries. In recent years, extensive research has suggested that angiogenesis plays an important role in bladder cancer biology, contributing to tumor growth and progression.

Material And Methods: In this review, we discuss general mechanisms of angiogenesis and highlight the influence of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, and cancer stem cells on bladder cancer biology, their relation to disease progression, and potential use in novel targeted therapies.