The Current Role of Parathyroid Fine-Needle Biopsy (P-FNAB) with iPTH-Washout Concentration (iPTH-WC) in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Single Center Experience and Literature Review.

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a condition characterized by disorders of calcium-phosphate metabolism and bone metabolism caused by pathological overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The diagnosis of overt PHPT is based on the presence of clinical symptoms and laboratory abnormalities typical of this condition: hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and elevated iPTH levels. Imaging studies are not used for diagnostic purposes; they are performed to localize the parathyroid glands prior to potential surgical treatment.

Progress on Genetic Basis of Primary Aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by the autonomous overproduction of aldosterone with simultaneous suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA). It is considered to be the most common endocrine cause of secondary arterial hypertension (HT) and is associated with a high rate of cardiovascular complications. PA is most often caused by a bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) or aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA); rarer causes of PA include genetic disorders of steroidogenesis (familial hyperaldosteronism (FA) type I, II, III and IV), aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma, and ectopic aldosterone-producing tumors.

Coexistence of DiGeorge syndrome with Fahr syndrome, mosaic Turner syndrome and psychiatric symptoms - a case report.

We report a case of a 63-year-old patient with psychiatric symptoms diagnosed with coexisting DiGeorge syndrome, Fahr syndrome and Turner syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of coexistence of DiGeorge syndrome and mosaic Turner syndrome. Basal ganglia calcification, known as Fahr syndrome, may develop in patients with DiGeorge syndrome as a consequence of calcium-phosphate balance disturbances resulting from primary hypoparathyroidism.

Hypereosinophilia in Solid Tumors-Case Report and Clinical Review.

Background: Renal cell cancer may cause various paraneoplastic syndromes; however, paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia occurs exceedingly rare. Thus far, only two cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) associated with hypereosinophilia have been reported. In this paper, we present a case of paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia associated with renal cell carcinoma and a review of the reported cases of hypereosinophilia in solid tumors.

Low incidence of focal lesions in the thyroid glands of patients with hereditary haemochromatosis - a single-centre study from Poland.

Introduction: Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) is a disease characterised by the excessive absorption of iron and its deposition in various organs. Late complications of this disease include cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and endocrine disorders. Data from the literature on thyroid disorders in patients with HH are inconsistent and ambiguous, and no research has been done to determine the relationship between excessive accumulation of iron and the thyroid morphology.

The Role of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare epithelial neoplasm, with a high tendency for local invasion and distant metastases, with limited treatment options. Surgical treatment is the method of choice. For decades, the mainstay of pharmacological treatment has been the adrenolytic drug mitotane, in combination with chemotherapy.

When you hear hooves, you should look for... zebras.

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Medullary thyroid carcinoma of unknown primary origin with synchronous finding of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

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Effects of thyroid hormone imbalance on colorectal cancer carcinogenesis and risk - a systematic review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasm is increasing. Many studies have shown that thyroid dysfunction may be connected with the higher risk of pancreatic and breast cancer, but only a few described the role of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid hormone (TH) replacement in the development and risk of CRC.

Adrenal hemorrhage: A single center experience and literature review.

Background: Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a rare condition that can lead to acute adrenal insufficiency and may be fatal. The risk factors of AH include focal adrenal lesion, abdominal trauma and anticoagulation therapy. The clinical manifestation of AH varies widely; the symptoms may be related to adrenal insufficiency or may reflect multiple organ failure.

Epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis of Interferon alpha induced thyroid disorders. A Prospective Clinical Study.

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide problem and hepatitis, which is its natural unfavourable course, is still a challenge for hepatologist. At present, standards of treatment are changing from combined therapy with interferon alpha (IFN-α) and ribavirin to new antiviral drugs. The current classification divides interferon induced thyroid diseases (IITD) into two groups: autoimmune (Hashimoto disease, Graves disease, positive antithyroid autoantibodies in euthyroid patients) and non-autoimmune (destructive thyroiditis, non-autoimmune hypothyroidism).

Self-diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy resulting in parathyroidectomy and uncomplicated delivery.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a condition with hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). Typically, treating patients with such disease does not pose a problem for doctors, unless the patient is pregnant. Firstly, pregnancy may mask signs of hypercalcemia.

A case report of Gitelman syndrome resulting from two novel mutations in SLC12A3 gene.

Introduction: Hypokalaemia is a common clinical problem. A potential but commonly overlooked cause of hypokalaemia is Gitelman syndrome.

Material And Methods: A 26-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to syncope with general and muscular weakness and muscle cramps.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis with pancreatic involvement - radiological appearance.

Background: Retroperitoneal fibrosis or Ormond's disease is an uncommon process characterized by fibrous tissue proliferation in the retroperitoneum, usually involving the aorta, inferior vena cava and iliac vessels. Obstructive hydronephrosis is often observed due to ureteral entrapment. This report presents a case of the peripancreatic location of the disease.

Hormonal activity in clinically silent adrenal incidentalomas.

Introduction: The rapid development of modern imaging techniques, has led to an increase in accidentally discovered adrenal masses without clinically apparent hormonal abnormalities. Such tumours have been termed "incidentalomas". The diagnostic work-up in patients with adrenal incidentalomas is aimed at the determination of hormonal activity of the tumour and identification of patients with potentially malignant tumours.

From struma ovarii to Hashimoto disease--an unusual diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism: case report.

Capsule: Authors report a case of a 52-year-old woman after struma ovarii with chronic lymphocytic inflammation excision. Finally thyroxin treatment was started and patient's hypothyroidism symptoms diminished.

Case Summary: Struma ovarii is a type of mature teratoma in which thyroid tissue forms the main component.

[Side effects during interferon-alpha therapy of hepatitis C with special consideration of thyroid dysfunction].

Hepatitis C virus infection is a worldwide problem and its natural, unfavorable course is still a challenge for the hepatologist. The standard of treatment is combined therapy with interferon-alpha and ribavirin. This therapy is related to a wide spectrum of side effects that significantly reduce quality of life.

[One-year follow-up of TSH level and thyroid volume in patients with bone marrow or peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following chemotherapy].

Unlabelled: Bone Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) following high-dose chemo- and radiotherapy became treatment of choice in various numbers of hematological and hereditary or acquired immune disorders. Protocols preparing to allogenic transplantation have a few aims: eradication of neoplastic disease, suppression of defense system of recipient (reduction of transplant rejection), preparation of bone marrow microenvironment to implantation donor's cells. Chemotherapy is combined with acute side effects as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, mucositis, and hemorrhagic cystitis.

[The prevalence of incidentaloma--asymptomatic thyroid nodules in the Tricity (Gdansk, Sopot, Gdynia) population].

Introduction: The increased sensitivity of imaging devices raised number of incidentally discovered lesions in various organs of the human body. Thyroid gland is one of them. Reported prevalence of ultrasonographically detected thyroid nodules (incidentalomas) in general population ranges from 5.