What to Do if the qPCR Test for SARS-CoV-2 or Other Pathogen Lacks Endogenous Internal Control? A Simple Test on Housekeeping Genes.

Some of the products for the molecular diagnosis of infections do not have an endogenous internal control, and this is necessary to ensure that the result is not a false negative. The aim of the project was to design a simple low-cost RT-qPCR test that can confirm the expression of basic metabolism proteins, thus confirming the quality of genetic material for molecular diagnostic tests. Two successful equivalent qPCR assays for the detection of the GADPH and ACTB genes were obtained.

Molecular Diagnostic Tools against SARS-CoV-2 in Poland in 2022.

The most effective way to stop the spread of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and isolate those infected as soon as possible. More than 1000 types of molecular and antigen-based immunoassay tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 are now commercially available worldwide. In this review, we present the possibilities of molecular diagnostics available in Poland in 2022.

Predictive performance and clinical application of COV50, a urinary proteomic biomarker in early COVID-19 infection: a prospective multicentre cohort study.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a worldwide challenge. The CRIT-CoV-U pilot study generated a urinary proteomic biomarker consisting of 50 peptides (COV50), which predicted death and disease progression from SARS-CoV-2. After the interim analysis presented for the German Government, here, we aimed to analyse the full dataset to consolidate the findings and propose potential clinical applications of this biomarker.

Assessment of Ki-67 proliferation index with deep learning in DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ).

The proliferation index (PI) is crucial in histopathologic diagnostics, in particular tumors. It is calculated based on Ki-67 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. PI is routinely evaluated by a visual assessment of the sample by a pathologist.

COVID-19 Diagnostics Outside and Inside the National Health Service: A Single Institutional Experience.

The COVID-19 epidemic has been going on continuously for more than 1.5 years. Fast and reliable diagnosis is a key component of an outbreak response strategy.

Ki-67 evaluation in breast cancer: The daily diagnostic practice.

Context: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females. It is routinely classified according to the WHO histological typing. However, there is also a molecular classification of breast cancer which is routinely substituted with surrogate subtypes based on expression of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptors and proliferation index (PI).

Proliferation Index Evaluation in Breast Cancer Using ImageJ and ImmunoRatio Applications.

Background: Proliferation index (PI) plays a critical role in distinguishing surrogate biological subtypes of breast cancer and, thus, determining the optimal therapeutic scheme. The commonly applied method of determining PI is visual semiquantitative scoring. The most precise way of PI evaluation is formal counting of nuclei on a digital picture using software equipped with a pointer function.

Cancer stem cells--the current status of an old concept: literature review and clinical approaches.

As regards their morphology and biology, tumours consist of heterogeneous cell populations. The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis assumes that a tumour is hierarchically organized and not all of the cells are equally capable of generating descendants, similarly to normal tissue. The only cells being able to self-renew and produce a heterogeneous tumour cell population are cancer stem cells.

[Yamanaka's factors and core transcription factors--the molecular link between embryogenesis and carcinogenesis].

Oct4 and Sox2 transcription factors (belonging to the Yamanaka's factor family) and Nanog, named together as core transcription factors of pluripotency, are indispensable to induce and maintain the pluripotency state. They act generally as activators of genes coding for transcription factors, cofactors and chromatin regulators. They also activate microRNA expression.

Adrenal cortical carcinoma with extension into the inferior vena cava--case report and literature review.

Unlabelled: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with an incidence rate of 1 to 2 per million person-years. ACC most commonly arises sporadically, but may be associated with familial tumour syndromes. Clinical symptoms are mainly related to an excess of steroid hormones.

Massage-induced morphological changes of dense connective tissue in rat's tendon.

The aim of the experiment was to determine if possible changes in connective tissue induced by massage could have a positive effect justifing the use of massage in all post-traumatic connective tissue conditions, e.g. tendon injuries.