Feature Importance of Stabilised Rammed Earth Components Affecting the Compressive Strength Calculated with Explainable Artificial Intelligence Tools.

Cement-stabilized rammed earth (CSRE) is a sustainable construction material. The use of it allows for economizing on the cost of a structure. These two properties of CSRE are based on the fact that the soil used for the rammed mixture is usually dug close to the construction site, so it has random characteristics.

Enhanced mobility-lifetime products in PbS colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics.

Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photovoltaics offer a promising approach to harvest the near-IR region of the solar spectrum, where half of the sun's power reaching the earth resides. High external quantum efficiencies have been obtained in the visible region in lead chalcogenide CQD photovoltaics. However, the corresponding efficiencies for band gap radiation in the near-infrared lag behind because the thickness of CQD photovoltaic layers from which charge carriers can be extracted is limited by short carrier diffusion lengths.

A donor-supply electrode (DSE) for colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics.

The highest-performing colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photovoltaics (PV) reported to date have relied on high-temperature (>500°C) annealing of electron-accepting TiO2. Room-temperature processing reduces energy payback time and manufacturing cost, enables flexible substrates, and permits tandem solar cells that integrate a small-bandgap back cell atop a low-thermal-budget larger-bandgap front cell. Here we report an electrode strategy that enables a depleted-heterojunction CQD PV device to be fabricated entirely at room temperature.

Electron acceptor materials engineering in colloidal quantum dot solar cells.

Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells with a solar power conversion efficiency of 5.6% are reported. The result is achieved through careful optimization of the titanium dioxide electrode that serves as the electron acceptor.

Optimization of band structure and quantum-size-effect tuning for two-photon absorption enhancement in quantum dots.

The two-photon absorption, 2PA, cross sections of PbS quantum dots, QDs, are theoretically and experimentally investigated and are shown to be enhanced with increasing quantum confinement. This is in contrast to our previous results for CdSe and CdTe QDs where the reduced density of states dominated and resulted in a decrease in 2PA with a decrease in QD size. Qualitatively this trend can be understood by the highly symmetric distribution of conduction and valence band states in PbS that results in an accumulation of allowed 2PA transitions in certain spectral regions.

Role of symmetry breaking on the optical transitions in lead-salt quantum dots.

The influence of quantum confinement on the one- and two-photon absorption spectra (1PA and 2PA) of PbS and PbSe semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is investigated. The results show 2PA peaks at energies where only 1PA transitions are predicted and 1PA peaks where only 2PA transitions are predicted by the often used isotropic k x p four-band envelope function formalism. The first experimentally identified two-photon absorption peak coincides with the energy of the first one photon allowed transition.

Ambient-processed colloidal quantum dot solar cells via individual pre-encapsulation of nanoparticles.

We report colloidal quantum dot solar cells fabricated under ambient atmosphere with an active area of 2.9 mm(2) that exhibit 3.6% solar power conversion efficiency.

Quantum dot photovoltaics in the extreme quantum confinement regime: the surface-chemical origins of exceptional air- and light-stability.

We report colloidal quantum dot (CQDs) photovoltaics having a approximately 930 nm bandgap. The devices exhibit AM1.5G power conversion efficiencies in excess of 2%.

Colloidal quantum-dot photodetectors exploiting multiexciton generation.

Multiexciton generation (MEG) has been indirectly observed in colloidal quantum dots, both in solution and the solid state, but has not yet been shown to enhance photocurrent in an optoelectronic device. Here, we report a class of solution-processed photoconductive detectors, sensitive in the ultraviolet, visible, and the infrared, in which the internal gain is dramatically enhanced for photon energies Ephoton greater than 2.7 times the quantum-confined bandgap Ebandgap.

Compatibility of interventional x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging: feasibility of a closed bore XMR (CBXMR) system.

A next-generation interventional guidance system is proposed that will enable intraprocedural access to both x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities. This closed bore XMR (CBXMR) system is comprised of a conventional radiographic rotating anode x-ray tube and a direct conversion flat panel detector on a rotating gantry positioned adjacent to the bore of a 1.5 T MRI.

Analysis of non-quarter-wave grating by a modified Fourier-transform method.

When unity reflectance is approached, the Fourier-transform method of calculating the reflectance spectrum of an optical grating modulated by a slowly varying envelope becomes unacceptably inaccurate. The modified Fourier transform method of Bovard [Appl. Opt.