ATF4 regulates mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, and autophagy, contributing to corneal endothelial apoptosis under chronic ER stress in Fuchs' dystrophy.

Purpose: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy/autophagy are known to contribute independently to corneal endothelial (CE) apoptosis in Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). However, the role of a well-studied specific ER stress pathway (PERK-ATF4-CHOP) in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy/autophagy, and apoptosis is unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of ATF4 in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy/autophagy, leading to CEnC apoptosis in FECD.

Using Multi-Layer Perceptron Driven Diagnosis to Compare Biomarkers for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To use neural network machine learning (ML) models to identify the most relevant ocular biomarkers for the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: Neural network models, also known as multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), were trained on a prospectively collected observational dataset comprised of 93 glaucoma patients confirmed by a glaucoma specialist and 113 control subjects. The base model used only intraocular pressure, blood pressure, heart rate, and visual field (VF) parameters to diagnose glaucoma.

Cytokines in PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor adverse events and implications for the treatment of uveitis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as Programmed cell Death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have improved cancer treatment by enhancing the immune system's ability to target malignant cells. Their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including uveitis. The profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines underlying Anti-PD-1-induced uveitis shares significant overlap with that of non-infectious uveitis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Disrupts Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, Dynamics and Causes Corneal Endothelial Cell Apoptosis.

Purpose: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress are independently associated with corneal endothelial cell (CEnC) loss in many corneal diseases, including Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). However, the role of ER stress in mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to CEnC apoptosis is unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore the crosstalk between ER and mitochondrial stress in CEnC.

Surgical External Iliac Artery Access for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Is a Safe, Suitable Alternative to Common Femoral Artery Access.

Background Many patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have peripheral artery disease necessitating surgical access. This study reviews the preoperative risk factors, procedural characteristics, and outcomes in patients undergoing surgical common femoral artery (CFA) and external iliac artery (EIA) access through a retro-inguinal groin incision for TAVR. Methods A single-center TAVR database was retrospectively analyzed for patients undergoing surgical cutdown (January 1, 2016 - December 31, 2020).

Complete Genome Sequence of ML35.

We report here the complete genome sequence of strain ML35. We assembled PacBio reads into a single closed contig with 169× mean coverage and then polished this contig using Illumina MiSeq reads, yielding a 4,918,774-bp sequence with 50.8% GC content.