Developing Topics.

Background: Previous research suggests that locus coeruleus (LC) integrity may partially underlie cognitive reserve (CR), as demonstrated by positive associations between composite measures of CR and MRI-based integrity of the LC, one of the first regions in the brain to accumulate tau pathology. We investigated whether higher MRI-based integrity of the LC confers resilience to cognitive decline related to Alzheimer's disease pathology in individuals with higher cognitive reserve.

Method: Individuals (n = 154) with LC-MRI, 18F-Flortaucipir (FTP-tau), and 11C-Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB-amyloid) PET were selected from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (Figure 1).

Developing Topics.

Background: The neuromodulatory subcortical systems are among the earliest brain regions to accrue pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributing to cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. Monoaminergic nuclei, such as the dorsal raphe (DRn), modulate mood, cognition, and arousal. Their pathological perturbation is proposed to induce initial hyperexcitability followed by decreased activity, which may therefore be associated with the neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms of preclinical AD.

FAIR for AI: An interdisciplinary and international community building perspective.

A foundational set of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) principles were proposed in 2016 as prerequisites for proper data management and stewardship, with the goal of enabling the reusability of scholarly data. The principles were also meant to apply to other digital assets, at a high level, and over time, the FAIR guiding principles have been re-interpreted or extended to include the software, tools, algorithms, and workflows that produce data. FAIR principles are now being adapted in the context of AI models and datasets.

Software Training in HEP.

The long-term sustainability of the high-energy physics (HEP) research software ecosystem is essential to the field. With new facilities and upgrades coming online throughout the 2020s, this will only become increasingly important. Meeting the sustainability challenge requires a workforce with a combination of HEP domain knowledge and advanced software skills.

Scalable Declarative HEP Analysis Workflows for Containerised Compute Clouds.

We describe a novel approach for experimental High-Energy Physics (HEP) data analyses that is centred around the declarative rather than imperative paradigm when describing analysis computational tasks. The analysis process can be structured in the form of a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), where each graph vertex represents a unit of computation with its inputs and outputs, and the graph edges describe the interconnection of various computational steps. We have developed REANA, a platform for reproducible data analyses, that supports several such DAG workflow specifications.

Effects of population- and seed bank size fluctuations on neutral evolution and efficacy of natural selection.

Population genetics models typically consider a fixed population size and a unique selection coefficient. However, population dynamics inherently generate fluctuations in numbers of individuals and selection acts on various components of the individuals' fitness. In plant species with seed banks, the size of both the above- and below-ground compartments induce fluctuations depending on seed production and the state of the seed bank.