IFNγ Causes Keratinocyte Necroptosis in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Epidermal keratinocytes form the first-line cellular barrier of the skin for protection against external injuries and maintenance of local tissue homeostasis. Expression of ZBP1 was shown to cause necroptotic keratinocyte cell death and skin inflammation in mice. We sought to characterize the relevance of ZBP1 and necroptosis in human keratinocytes and type 1-driven cutaneous acute graft-versus-host disease.

Volatile hiring: uncertainty in search and matching models.

In search-and-matching models, the nonlinear nature of search frictions increases average unemployment rates during periods with higher volatility. These frictions are not, however, by themselves sufficient to raise unemployment following an increase in uncertainty; though they may do so in conjunction with the common assumption of wages being determined by Nash bargaining. Importantly, option-value considerations play no role in the standard model with free entry.

Workers, capitalists, and the government: fiscal policy and income (re)distribution.

We propose a novel two-agent New Keynesian model to study the interaction of fiscal policy and household heterogeneity in a tractable environment. Workers can save in bonds subject to portfolio adjustment costs; firm ownership is concentrated among capitalists who do not supply labor. The model is consistent with micro data on empirical intertemporal marginal propensities to consume, and it avoids implausible profit income effects on labor supply.

Click Chemistry in Ultra-high Vacuum - Tetrazine Coupling with Methyl Enol Ether Covalently Linked to Si(001).

The additive-free tetrazine/enol ether click reaction was performed in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) with an enol ether group covalently linked to a silicon surface: Dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate molecules were coupled to the enol ether group of a functionalized cyclooctyne which was adsorbed on the silicon (001) surface via the strained triple bond of cyclooctyne. The reaction was observed at a substrate temperature of 380 K by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A moderate energy barrier was deduced for this click reaction in vacuum by means of density functional theory based calculations, in good agreement with the experimental results.

Human innate immune cell crosstalk induces melanoma cell senescence.

Mononuclear phagocytes and NK cells constitute the first line of innate immune defense. How these cells interact and join forces against cancer is incompletely understood. Here, we observed an early accumulation of slan (6-sulfo LacNAc) non-classical monocytes (slanMo) in stage I melanoma, which was followed by an increase in NK cell numbers in stage III.

Inflammation-induced tissue damage mimicking GvHD in human skin models as test-platform for immunotherapeutics.

With cellular products being on the front run there is a rising demand for non-animal-based test platforms to predict, study and treat undesired immunity. Here, we generated human organotypic skin models from human biopsies isolating and expanding keratinocytes, fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells finally allowing to seed these components on a collagen matrix or a biological vascularized scaffold matrix in a bioreactor. Afterwards, we were able to induce inflammation-based tissue damage by pre-stimulated mismatched allogeneic lymphocytes and/or inflammatory cytokine containing supernatants histomorphologically mimicking severe graft versus host disease (GvHD) of the skin.

Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated RNA and LL37 enable self-amplifying inflammation in psoriasis.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with strong neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and high levels of the antimicrobial peptide, LL37. LL37 in complex with DNA and RNA is thought to initiate disease exacerbation via plasmacytoid dendritic cells. However, the source of nucleic acids supposed to start this initial inflammatory event remains unknown.