Neuroprotective effects of baicalin and baicalein on the central nervous system and the underlying mechanisms.

Baicalin and baicalein are the primary flavonoids derived from the desiccated root of , which is a member of the Lamiaceae family; these flavonoids have diverse pharmacological properties and show significant potential for the management of central nervous system disorders. Multiple studies have indicated that these substances effectively reduce the severity of illnesses such as depression, stroke, and degenerative disorders of the central nervous system by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, regulating programmed cell death, and reducing mitochondrial malfunction. Recent studies have highlighted the connection between the accumulation of iron and the ability of baicalein to protect the nervous system.

Resveratrol alleviates depression-like behaviors by inhibiting ferroptosis via AKT/NRF2 pathway.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common, and successful treatment remains challenging. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, has been shown to alleviate depression-like behaviors, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously developed a new model of depression by inducing hippocampal ferroptosis in rats, suggesting that ferroptosis may be involved in the development of MDD.

Pharmacological mechanisms by which baicalin ameliorates cardiovascular disease.

Baicalin is a flavonoid glycoside obtained from the dried root of Georgi, which belongs to the Labiatae family. Accumulating evidence indicates that baicalin has favorable therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have revealed the therapeutic effects of baicalin on atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertension, and heart failure through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid metabolism mechanisms.

Effects of testosterone dose on depression-like behavior among castrated adult male rats.

Previous research has shown a decrease in serum testosterone levels in male patients with depression. In recent years, the results of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) to improve depression have been mixed. Using the classic CUMS model, we induced depressive-like behaviors in rats and observed a decrease in their serum testosterone levels along with an increase in androgen receptor expression in the hippocampus.

Single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis reveals the relationship between gene expression in oligodendrocyte lineage and major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness that affects millions of people worldwide and imposes a heavy burden on individuals, families and society. Previous studies on MDD predominantly focused on neurons and employed bulk homogenates of brain tissues. This paper aims to decipher the relationship between oligodendrocyte lineage (OL) development and MDD at the single-cell resolution level.

Tunicamycin induces depression-like behaviors in male rats, accompanied by initiated chaperon-mediated autophagy and decreased synaptic protein expression in the hippocampus.

Background And Aim: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress participates in the occurrence and development of depression, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the behavioral performance and intracerebral molecular changes in an ER stress model of male rats.

Methods: Intrahippocampal injection of tunicamycin (TM) was performed on male rats as a model of ER stress.

Social isolation after chronic unpredictable mild stress perpetuates depressive-like behaviors, memory deficits and social withdrawal via inhibiting ERK/KEAP1/NRF2 signaling.

Background: Social withdrawal in patients with depression can aggravate depressive symptoms. However, few studies focus on the behavioral changes of social isolation after CUMS. NRF2 had been reported to be down-regulated after CUMS.