Artificial Intelligence-Based Disease Activity Monitoring to Personalized Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment: A Feasibility Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a disease activity (DA) model developed to detect DA in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design: Post hoc analysis.

Participants: Patient dataset from the phase III HAWK and HARRIER (H&H) studies.

DIRECTIONAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF MACULAR PATHOLOGY.

Purpose: To survey the impact of directional reflectivity on structures within optical coherence tomography images in retinal pathology.

Methods: Sets of commercial optical coherence tomography images taken from multiple pupil positions were analyzed. These directional optical coherence tomography sets revealed directionally reflective structures within the retina.

A Fenton Approach to Aromatic Radical Cations and Diarylmethane Synthesis.

Manipulating carbon-centered radicals to add to electron-deficient systems is a well-precedented process. By coupling the Fe(II)-mediated Fenton reaction with the Fe(III)-mediated single-electron oxidation of anisolic compounds, we demonstrate how electron-rich carbon-centered radicals can react with electron-rich arenes through a radical-polar cascade pathway. This bioinspired approach produces diarylmethane derivatives from simple unfunctionalized precursors.

Response of peer relations and social activities to treatment with viloxazine extended-release capsules (Qelbree ): A post hoc analysis of four randomized clinical trials of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments related to peer relations (PR) and social activities (SA). The objective of this post hoc analysis was to assess the degree to which viloxazine extended-release (viloxazine ER; viloxazine extended-release capsules; Qelbree ) improves clinical assessments of PR and SA in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Methods: Data were used from four Phase III placebo-controlled trials of 100 to 600 mg/day of viloxazine ER (N = 1354; 6-17 years of age).

Central posterior hyaloidal fibrosis - A novel optical coherence tomography feature associated with choroidal neovascular membrane.

Purpose: To describe a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding at the vitreomacular interface (VMI), and report its association with advanced choroidal neovascularisation (CNV).

Observations: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans performed at three retinal imaging centres at Amanat Eye Hospital, Pakistan from May 2016 till May 2021 were reviewed. A specific change at the vitreomacular interface was noted consisting of abnormal hyper reflectivity at the point of attachment of the posterior hyaloid membrane to the foveal center which appears to 'fill in' the foveolar depression.

Volumetric directional optical coherence tomography.

Photoreceptor loss and resultant thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) is an important pathological feature of retinal degenerations and may serve as a useful imaging biomarker for age-related macular degeneration. However, the demarcation between the ONL and the adjacent Henle's fiber layer (HFL) is difficult to visualize with standard optical coherence tomography (OCT). A dedicated OCT system that can precisely control and continuously and synchronously update the imaging beam entry points during scanning has not been realized yet.

Multimodal imaging of soccer ball-related ocular posterior segment injuries.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical and anatomic characteristics of soccer ball-induced posterior segment injuries in the era of modern multi-modal imaging.

Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with soccer ball injury and diagnostic imaging from 2007 to 2020 at a single vitreoretinal practice.

Results: Eight patients met inclusion criteria.

Three-Year Safety Results of SAR422459 (EIAV-ABCA4) Gene Therapy in Patients With ABCA4-Associated Stargardt Disease: An Open-Label Dose-Escalation Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial, Cohorts 1-5.

Purpose: To report on the safety of the first 5 cohorts of a gene therapy trial using recombinant equine infectious anemia virus expressing ABCA4 (EIAV-ABCA4) in adults with Stargardt dystrophy due to mutations in ABCA4.

Design: Nonrandomized multicenter phase I/IIa clinical trial.

Methods: Patients received a subretinal injection of EIAVABCA4 in the worse-seeing eye at 3 dose levels and were followed for 3 years after treatment.

Prophylactic Ranibizumab to Prevent Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Vulnerable Fellow Eyes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To determine whether prophylactic ranibizumab prevents the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) for patients with preexisting nAMD in their contralateral eye.

Design: Multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Participants: Adults aged 50 years and older with intermediate AMD (multiple intermediate drusen [≥63 μm and <125 μm] or ≥1 large drusen [≥125 μm] and pigmentary changes) in the study eye and nAMD in the contralateral eye.

Expert Performance in Visual Differentiation of Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis.

This study quantifies the performance of an international cohort of cornea specialists in image-based differentiation of bacterial and fungal keratitis, identifying significant regional variation and establishing a reference standard for comparison against machine learning models.

Developmental shift to mitochondrial respiration for energetic support of sustained transmission during maturation at the calyx of Held.

A considerable amount of energy is expended following presynaptic activity to regenerate electrical polarization and maintain efficient release and recycling of neurotransmitter. Mitochondria are the major suppliers of neuronal energy, generating ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. However, the specific utilization of energy from cytosolic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial respiration at the presynaptic terminal during synaptic activity remains unclear and controversial.

Directional Reflectivity of the Ellipsoid Zone in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Background And Objective: Ellipsoid zone (EZ) reflectivity on optical coherence tomography (OCT) is affected by the orientation of the scanning beam. The authors sought to determine how directional reflectivity changes in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Patients And Methods: Retrospective image analysis included 17 control and 20 dry AMD subjects.

Cognitive decline in older adults: What can we learn from optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based retinal vascular imaging?

Introduction: Accumulated vascular damage contributes to the onset and progression of vascular dementia and possibly to Alzheimer's disease. Here we evaluate the feasibility and utility of using retinal imaging of microvascular markers to identify older adults at risk of cognitive disease.

Methods: The "Eye Determinants of Cognition" (EyeDOC) study recruited a biracial, population-based sample of participants from two sites: Jackson, MS, and Washington Co, MD.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Quality Across Three Multicenter Clinical Studies of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To explore optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) quality and associated factors in multicenter clinical studies.

Methods: OCTA scans were obtained from participants with diabetic retinopathy from three DRCR Retina Network clinical studies using the Optovue AngioVue and ZEISS AngioPlex. Macular (3 × 3 mm and 6 × 6 mm) and optic nerve scans were captured.

Risk Factors and Disease Course for Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption-Associated Maculopathy.

Importance: Blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) is a systemic therapy for malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors that has been linked to poorly understood pigmentary maculopathy.

Objectives: To examine the rate of and risk factors for the development of BBBD-associated maculopathy and to assess whether there can be visually significant progression after completion of systemic therapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this retrospective case series, data from February 1, 2006, through December 31, 2019, were collected from patients treated with osmotic BBBD at a single tertiary referral center who had subsequent ophthalmic evaluation.

FINGERPRINT SIGN OF THE HENLE FIBER LAYER.

Purpose: To describe the appearance of concentric, fingerprint-like waves within the Henle fiber layer (HFL) using en face optical coherence tomography in patients with tractional pathologies of the retina.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of six eyes of six patients imaged by optical coherence tomography with volumetric slabs positioned at the level of the HFL.

Results: Optical coherence tomography data from six patients with tractional vitreoretinal pathology were reviewed.

Intraoperative optical coherence tomographic findings in patients undergoing subretinal gene therapy surgery.

Background: To analyze intraoperative OCT (iOCT) findings during subretinal gene therapy.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective, observational, case series study of twenty one eyes submitted to subretinal gene therapy. Intrasurgical high definition videos were included for analyzes.

Bull's eye maculopathy associated with hereditary hemochromatosis.

Purpose: To report a case of bull's eye maculopathy, a novel finding in a patient with iron overload secondary to hereditary hemochromatosis with a homozygous mutation of the gene.

Observations: A 39-year-old man with recently diagnosed hereditary hemochromatosis undergoing treatment by serial phlebotomy presented with bilateral progressive blurry vision and recent onset of photopsias and headaches. Fundus examination revealed a symmetric bull's eye maculopathy with photoreceptor loss and retinal pigment epithelium transmission defects in the area of speckled hyper- and hypo-pigmentation by multimodal imaging.

Initial results from a first-in-human gene therapy trial on X-linked retinitis pigmentosa caused by mutations in RPGR.

Retinal gene therapy has shown great promise in treating retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a primary photoreceptor degeneration that leads to severe sight loss in young people. In the present study, we report the first-in-human phase 1/2, dose-escalation clinical trial for X-linked RP caused by mutations in the RP GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene in 18 patients over up to 6 months of follow-up (https://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT03116113).

Visual Acuity and Foveal Structure in Eyes with Fragmented Foveal Avascular Zones.

Purpose: To assess the frequency and impact of abnormal foveal avascular zone (FAZ) topography (i.e., a fragmented FAZ) on visual acuity and foveal anatomic features.

Reliability of Spectral-Domain OCT Ellipsoid Zone Area and Shape Measurements in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: We investigate the ellipsoid zone (EZ) area and EZ boundary shape measurement reliability and the operability characteristics of two methods of EZ boundary delineation in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: EZ boundaries in SD-OCT scans of 122 eyes from 64 subjects with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa were delineated by three raters using two methods, termed the profile and en face methods. For each method, we determined the measurement reliabilities for boundary area (EZ area) and boundary shape, percentage of eyes with measurable EZ (measurability), time required, and effect of rater experience.

Presynaptic Diversity Revealed by Ca-Permeable AMPA Receptors at the Calyx of Held Synapse.

GluA2-lacking Ca-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs) play integral roles in synaptic plasticity and can mediate excitotoxic cellular signaling at glutamatergic synapses. However, the developmental profile of functional CP-AMPARs at the auditory brainstem remains poorly understood. Through a combination of electrophysiological and live-cell Ca imaging from mice of either sex, we show that the synaptic release of glutamate from the calyx of Held nerve terminal activates CP-AMPARs in the principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in the brainstem.