Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Adults (BackPEI-A): Updating and an online application.

Introduction: Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Adults (BackPEI-A) lags the most recent literature, as it does not assess issues related to activity increasingly present in the daily lives of people of all ages.

Purpose: (1) to update the BackPEI-A by including four new questions regarding the use of mobile devices; (2) to present a new graphic design of the issues related to back and neck pain to facilitate understanding of the location of these pains; (3) to test the content validity and the reliability of the new questions; and (4) to identify whether the BackPEI-A version in online form has adequate reliability.

Methods: The content validation by evaluation of eight experts, and the reliability of the new questions and of the online version were assessed.

Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Children and Adolescents (BackPEI-CA): Expansion, Content Validation, and Reliability.

The Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) was created in 2013 to assess back pain and its risk factors in school children. However, it does not assess neck pain or the habits of mobile device usage, which are aspects that are often part of school children's lives. Therefore, we aimed to update the BackPEI questionnaire to include new questions assessing aspects related to neck pain and the use of mobile devices and to test the content validity and reliability of the new questions.

Radiography and photogrammetry-based methods of assessing cervical spine posture in the sagittal plane: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: There are numerous radiography and photogrammetry-based methods of assessing the cervical spine posture in the sagittal plane. The choice of instrument should be based on scientific parameters such as validity and reliability, thus avoiding restrictions to the applicability of the instrument.

Research Question: What radiography and photogrammetry-based methods used to assess the cervical spine posture in the sagittal plane are valid and/or reliable?

Methods: Systematic searches were conducted following Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.

Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Adults: Expansion and Reproducibility.

Background: The BackPEI questionnaire was developed and validated just exclusively to evaluate children.

Aims: To propose, validate, and test the reproducibility of an expanded version of the Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI), originally designed to assess back pain in school-aged children, for use with adults.

Design: Validation Study.